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Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2025; 24: 14-25

Предварительные результаты терапии пациентов группы промежуточного риска по протоколу ОМЛ-MRD-2018

Васильева М. С., Калинина И. И., Венёв Д. А., Лебедева С. А., Банколе В. А., Абашидзе З. А., Алейникова О. В., Ольшанская Ю. В., Зеркаленкова Е. А., Гаськова М. В., Итов А. Б., Попов А. М., Михайлова Е. В., Кашпор С. А., Плясунова С. А., Дубровина М. Э., Конюхова Т. В., Воронин К. А., Хачатрян Л. А., Байдильдина Д. Д., Цаур Г. А., Фечина Л. Г., Попа А. В., Масчан А. А., Новичкова Г. А.

https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-1-14-25

Аннотация

За последние десятилетия достигнуты значительные успехи в терапии острого миелоидного лейкоза (ОМЛ) у детей, что связано с внедрением более эффективных схем лечения, расширением показаний для трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, а также улучшением сопроводительной терапии и профилактики инфекционных осложнений. Тем не менее улучшение результатов терапии остается важнейшей задачей. Одним из ключевых аспектов повышения эффективности терапии является стратификация пациентов на группы риска на основе молекулярно-генетических характеристик заболевания. В ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России был разработан мультицентровый протокол лечения ОМЛ-MRD-2018. Исследование охватывает 525 пациентов из 54 медицинских организаций России, получавших терапию с ноября 2018 г. по декабрь 2023 г. К группе промежуточного риска по результатам рестратификации отнесены 205 пациентов с медианой возраста 8,9 года (1 месяц – 17,6 года). Общая и бессобытийная 3-летняя выживаемость для исследуемой группы составила 77% и 47% соответственно. Наиболее благоприятной оказалась группа пациентов с биаллельной мутацией в гене CEBPA (dCEBPA). Ранняя смерть до ремиссии в группе промежуточного риска составила 6%, смерть в первой ремиссии – 8% и смерть от прогрессии – 32% среди умерших пациентов. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России.

Список литературы

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13. Arber D.A., Orazi A., Hasserjian R.P., Borowitz M.J., Calvo K.R., Kvasnicka H.-M., et al. International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data. Blood 2022; 140 (11): 1200–28.

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19. ISCN 2024 – An International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (2024). Cytogenet Genome Res 2024; 164 (Suppl 1): 1–224.

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21. Sendker S., Awada A., Domagalla S., Sendker M., Orhan E., Hoffmeister L.M., et al. RUNX1 mutation has no prognostic significance in paediatric AML: a retrospective study of the AML-BFM study group. Leukemia 2023; 37 (7): 1435–43.

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24. Qiu K.-Y., Liao X.-Y., Li Y., Huang K., Xu H.-G., Fang J.-P., Zhou D.-H. Outcome and prognostic factors of CBF pediatric AML patients with t(8;21) differ from patients with inv(16). BMC Cancer 2023; 23 (1): 476.

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28. Ho P.A., Alonzo T.A., Gerbing R.B., Pollard J., Stirewalt D.L., Hurwitz C., et al. Prevalence and prognostic implications of CEBPA mutations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Blood 2009; 113 (26): 6558–66.

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31. Steinbach D., Bader P., Willasch A., Bartholomae S., Debatin K.-M., Zimmermann M., et al. Prospective validation of a new method of monitoring minimal residual disease in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21 (6): 1353–9.

32. Christakopoulos G.E., Walker K.N., Smith J., Takemoto C.M., Zheng Y., Pui C.-H., et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and hyperleukocytosis managed with different cytoreductive methods. Cancer 2023; 129 (12): 1873–84.

33. Pollard J.A., Guest E., Alonzo T.A., Gerbing R.B., Loken M.R., Eidenschink Brodersen L., et al. Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Improves EventFree Survival and Reduces Relapse in Pediatric KMT2A-Rearranged AML: Results From the Phase III Children’s Oncology Group Trial AAML0531. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39 (28): 3149–60.

34. Lambert J., Pautas C., Terré C., Raffoux E., Turlure P., Caillot D., et al. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin for de novo acute myeloid leukemia: Final efficacy and safety updates from the open-label, phase III ALFA-0701 trial. Haematologica 2019; 104 (1): 113–9.

35. Fenwarth L., Fournier E., Cheok M., Boyer T., Gonzales F., Castaigne S., et al. Biomarkers of gemtuzumab ozogamicin response for acute myeloid leukemia treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21 (16): 5626.

Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology. 2025; 24: 14-25

Preliminary results of treatment of intermediate-risk patients according to the AML-MRD-2018 protocol

Vasilyeva M. S., Kalinina I. I., Venyov D. A., Lebedeva S. A., Bankole V. A., Abashidze Z. А., Aleinikova O. V., Olshanskaya Yu. V., Zerkalenkova E. A., Gaskova M. V., Itov A. B., Popov A. M., Mikhailova E. V., Kashpor S. A., Plyasunova S. A., Dubrovina M. E., Konyukhova T. V., Voronin K. A., Khachatryan L. A., Baydildina D. D., Tsaur G. A., Fechina L. G., Popa A. V., Maschan A. A., Novichkova G. A.

https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-1-14-25

Abstract

In the past decades, significant advancements have been made in the treatment of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with the introduction of more effective treatment regimens, extended indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as well as better supportive therapy and prophylaxis of infectious complications. Nevertheless, an improvement in treatment outcomes is still an important goal. One of the key ways to enhance treatment effectiveness is risk stratification of AML patients based on molecular and genetic characteristics of the disease. A multicenter treatment protocol (the AML-MRD-2018 protocol) was developed at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Our study includes 525 patients from 54 Russian hospitals who underwent treatment from November 2018 to December 2023. A total of 205 patients with a median age of 8.9 years (1 month – 17.6 years) were re-stratified to the intermediate-risk group. The 3-year overall and event-free survival for this group was 77% and 47%, respectively. The patients with biallelic CEBPA (dCEBPA) mutations had the most favorable prognosis. In the intermediate-risk group, early death before remission occurred in 6% of the patients; 8% of the patients died in first remission. Death of progressive disease occurred in 32% of all the deceased patients. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.

References

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2. Elgarten C.W., Aplenc R. Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: Updates on biology, risk stratification, and therapy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2020; 32 (1): 57–66.

3. Shallis R.M., Wang R., Davidoff A., Ma X., Zeidan A.M. Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges. Blood Rev 2019; 36: 70–87.

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21. Sendker S., Awada A., Domagalla S., Sendker M., Orhan E., Hoffmeister L.M., et al. RUNX1 mutation has no prognostic significance in paediatric AML: a retrospective study of the AML-BFM study group. Leukemia 2023; 37 (7): 1435–43.

22. Dö Hner K., Paschka P. Intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia therapy: current and future. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2014; 2014 (1): 34–43.

23. Klein K., Kaspers G., Harrison C.J., Berna Beverloo H., Reedijk A., Bongers M., et al. Clinical impact of additional cytogenetic aberrations, cKIT and RAS mutations, and treatment elements in pediatric t(8;21)AML: Results from an international retrospective study by the International Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (36): 4247–58.

24. Qiu K.-Y., Liao X.-Y., Li Y., Huang K., Xu H.-G., Fang J.-P., Zhou D.-H. Outcome and prognostic factors of CBF pediatric AML patients with t(8;21) differ from patients with inv(16). BMC Cancer 2023; 23 (1): 476.

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26. de Morais R.V., de Souza M.V.,de Souza Silva K.A., Pablo S., Cunha Lorenzoni M., Fernandes Lorea C., et al. Epidemiological evaluation and survival of children with acute myeloid leukemia. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97 (2): 204–10.

27. Tseng S., Lee M.E., Lin P.C. A Review of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis and Novel Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16 (11): 1614.

28. Ho P.A., Alonzo T.A., Gerbing R.B., Pollard J., Stirewalt D.L., Hurwitz C., et al. Prevalence and prognostic implications of CEBPA mutations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Blood 2009; 113 (26): 6558–66.

29. Loken M.R., Alonzo T.A., Pardo L.,Gerbing R.B., Raimondi S.C., Hirsch B.A., et al. Residual disease detected by multidimensional flow cytometry signifies high relapse risk in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: A report from Children’s Oncology Group. Blood 2012; 120 (8): 1581–8.

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31. Steinbach D., Bader P., Willasch A., Bartholomae S., Debatin K.-M., Zimmermann M., et al. Prospective validation of a new method of monitoring minimal residual disease in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21 (6): 1353–9.

32. Christakopoulos G.E., Walker K.N., Smith J., Takemoto C.M., Zheng Y., Pui C.-H., et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and hyperleukocytosis managed with different cytoreductive methods. Cancer 2023; 129 (12): 1873–84.

33. Pollard J.A., Guest E., Alonzo T.A., Gerbing R.B., Loken M.R., Eidenschink Brodersen L., et al. Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Improves EventFree Survival and Reduces Relapse in Pediatric KMT2A-Rearranged AML: Results From the Phase III Children’s Oncology Group Trial AAML0531. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39 (28): 3149–60.

34. Lambert J., Pautas C., Terré C., Raffoux E., Turlure P., Caillot D., et al. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin for de novo acute myeloid leukemia: Final efficacy and safety updates from the open-label, phase III ALFA-0701 trial. Haematologica 2019; 104 (1): 113–9.

35. Fenwarth L., Fournier E., Cheok M., Boyer T., Gonzales F., Castaigne S., et al. Biomarkers of gemtuzumab ozogamicin response for acute myeloid leukemia treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21 (16): 5626.