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Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2024; 23: 23-33

Транзиторный аномальный миелопоэз, миелодиспластический синдром и острый миелоидный лейкоз у детей с синдромом Дауна

Абашидзе З. А., Калинина И. И., Хачатрян Л. А., Васильева М. С., Гаськова М. В., Зеркаленкова Е. А., Казакова А. Н., Ольшанская Ю. В., Михайлова Е. В., Попов А. М., Воронин К. А., Масчан А. А., Новичкова Г. А.

https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-4-23-33

Аннотация

Транзиторный аномальный миелопоэз – это транзиторный клональный миелопролиферативный синдром, характеризующийся повышенным количеством бластных клеток в периферической крови, наиболее часто морфологически и иммунофенотипически относящихся к мегакариобластам, а также выявлением приобретенной мутации в гене GATA1. Данный синдром встречается в периоде новорожденности и до 6 месяцев. Дети с СД имеют аномально высокий риск развития гемобластозов. Частота встречаемости ОМЛ у них в 150–400 раз выше, чем у детей без СД. При проведении химиотерапии сниженной интенсивности показатели выживаемости и прогноз у детей с ОМЛ и СД (ОМЛ-СД) значительно выше, чем у детей с ОМЛ без СД и составляют: общая выживаемость от 84 до 90%, бессобытийная выживаемость до 89%. В то же время стандартная интенсивная химиотерапия (с высокими дозами антрациклинов и интенсивным таймингом индукции) ассоциирована у этих пациентов с высокой токсичностью и значительной смертностью в результате инфекционных осложнений. Результаты лечения пациентов с ОМЛ-СД в России не превышают 66%, что значительно ниже данных международных исследовательских групп. Необходимы стандартизация терапии ОМЛ-СД в России, внедрение единого протокола лечения с редукцией доз химиотерапевтических агентов и единых стандартов сопроводительной терапии, профилактики и лечения инфекционных осложнений. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России.

Список литературы

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10. Bhatnagar N., James B., Norton A., O'Marcaigh A.S., Watts T., Watts T., et al. Guidelines for the investigation and management of Transient Leukaemia of Down Syndrome. Br J Haematol 2018; 182 (2): 200–11.

11. Watanabe K. Recent advances in the understanding of transient abnormal myelopoiesis in Down syndrome. Pediatr Int 2019; 61: 222–9.

12. Bhatnagar N., Nizery L., Tunstall O., Vyas P., Roberts I. Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis and AML in Down Syndrome: an Update. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11 (5): 333–41.

13. Roberts I., Izraeli S. Haematopoietic development and leukaemia in Down syndrome. Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology and Immunopathology 2015; 14 (3): 13–33. DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-2015-14-3-13-33

14. Banno K., Omori S., Hirata K., Nawa N., Nakagawa N., Nishimura K., et al. Systematic Cellular Disease Models Reveal Synergistic Interaction of Trisomy 21 and GATA1 Mutations in Hematopoietic Abnormalities. Cell Rep 2016; 15 (6): 1228–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.031

15. Laurent A.P., Kotecha R.S., Malinge S. Gain of chromosome 21 in hematological malignancies: lessons from studying leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Leukemia 2020; 34 (8):1984–99.

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21. Garnett C., Cruz Hernandez D., Vyas P. GATA1 and cooperating mutations in myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome. IUBMB Life 2020; 72: 119– 30.

22. Labuhn M., Perkins K., Matzk S., Varghese L., Garnett C., Papaemmanuil E., et al. Mechanisms of Progression of Myeloid Preleukemia to Transformed Myeloid Leukemia in Children with Down Syndrome. Cancer Cell 2019; 36 (2): 123–38.e10.

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25. Zwaan C.M., Kaspers G.J., Pieters R., Hählen K., Janka-Schaub G.E., van Zantwijk C.H., et al. Different drug sensitivity profiles of acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with and without Down syndrome. Blood 2002; 99 (1): 245–51. DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.1.245

26. Taub J.W., Matherly L.H., Stout M.L., Buck S.A., Gurney J.G., Ravindranath Y. Enhanced metabolism of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in Down syndrome cells: a contributing factor to the superior event free survival of Down syndrome children with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1996; 87 (8): 3395– 403.

27. Frost B.M., Gustafsson, G., Larsson R., Nygren P., Lönnerholm G. Cellular cytotoxic drug sensitivity in children with acute leukemia and Down's syndrome: an explanation to differences in clinical outcome? Leukemia 2000; 14: 943–4. DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401753

28. Uffmann M., Rasche M., Zimmermann M., von Neuhoff C., Creutzig U., Dworzak M., et al. Therapy reduction in patients with Down syndrome and myeloid leukemia: the international ML-DS 2006 trial. Blood 2017; 129 (25): 3314–21.

29. Taga T., Watanabe T., Tomizawa D., Kudo K., Terui K., Moritake H., et al. Preserved High Probability of Overall Survival with Significant Reduction of Chemotherapy for Myeloid Leukemia in Down Syndrome: A Nationwide Prospective Study in Japan. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63 (2): 248–54. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25789

30. Sorrell A.D., Alonzo T.A., Hilden J.M., Gerbing R.B., Loew T.W., Hathaway L., et al. Favorable survival maintained in children who have myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome using reduced-dose chemotherapy on Children's Oncology Group trial A2971: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer 2012; 118 (19): 4806–14. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27484

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32. Taub J.W., Berman J.N., Hitzler J.K., Sorrell A.D., Lacayo N.J., Mast K., et al.; Improved outcomes for myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group AAML0431 trial. Blood 2017; 129 (25): 3304–13

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Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology. 2024; 23: 23-33

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in children with Down syndrome

Abashidze Z. A., Kalinina I. I., Khachatryan L. A., Vasilieva M. S., Gaskova M. V., Zerkalenkova E. A., Kazakova A. N., Olshanskaya Yu. V., Mikhailova E. V., Popov A. M., Voronin K. A., Maschan A. A., Novichkova G. A.

https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-4-23-33

Abstract

Myeloid neoplasms associated with Down syndrome (DS) are represented by transient abnormal myelopoiesis, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. Transient abnormal myelopoiesis is a clonal myeloproliferative syndrome characterized by an increased number of blast cells in the peripheral blood, morphologically and immunophenotypically most commonly related to megakaryoblasts, and the presence of an acquired mutation in the GATA1 gene. This syndrome occurs in infants up to 6 months of age. Children with DS have an abnormally high risk of developing hematological malignancies. The incidence of AML in these patients is 150–400 times higher than in children without DS. Survival rates and prognosis in children with AML and DS (AML-DS) treated with reduced-intensity chemotherapy are significantly higher than in children without DS: the overall survival ranges from 84% to 90% and the event-free survival is up to 89%. At the same time, standard intensive chemotherapy (with high-dose anthracyclines and intensive timing of induction) is associated in these patients with high toxicity and significant mortality due to infectious complications. Treatment outcomes in patients with AML-DS in Russia do not exceed 66%, which is significantly lower than those achieved by international cancer research groups. There is a need for standardization of therapy for AML-DS in Russia and introduction of a uniform treatment protocol with reduced chemotherapy doses and common standards of supportive care as well as prophylaxis and treatment of infectious complications. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russia.

References

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2. Hasle H., Clemmensen I.H., Mikkelsen M. Risks of leukaemia and solid tumours in individuals with Down’s syndrome. Lancet 2000; 355: 165–9.

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12. Bhatnagar N., Nizery L., Tunstall O., Vyas P., Roberts I. Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis and AML in Down Syndrome: an Update. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11 (5): 333–41.

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21. Garnett C., Cruz Hernandez D., Vyas P. GATA1 and cooperating mutations in myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome. IUBMB Life 2020; 72: 119– 30.

22. Labuhn M., Perkins K., Matzk S., Varghese L., Garnett C., Papaemmanuil E., et al. Mechanisms of Progression of Myeloid Preleukemia to Transformed Myeloid Leukemia in Children with Down Syndrome. Cancer Cell 2019; 36 (2): 123–38.e10.

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26. Taub J.W., Matherly L.H., Stout M.L., Buck S.A., Gurney J.G., Ravindranath Y. Enhanced metabolism of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in Down syndrome cells: a contributing factor to the superior event free survival of Down syndrome children with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1996; 87 (8): 3395– 403.

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28. Uffmann M., Rasche M., Zimmermann M., von Neuhoff C., Creutzig U., Dworzak M., et al. Therapy reduction in patients with Down syndrome and myeloid leukemia: the international ML-DS 2006 trial. Blood 2017; 129 (25): 3314–21.

29. Taga T., Watanabe T., Tomizawa D., Kudo K., Terui K., Moritake H., et al. Preserved High Probability of Overall Survival with Significant Reduction of Chemotherapy for Myeloid Leukemia in Down Syndrome: A Nationwide Prospective Study in Japan. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63 (2): 248–54. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25789

30. Sorrell A.D., Alonzo T.A., Hilden J.M., Gerbing R.B., Loew T.W., Hathaway L., et al. Favorable survival maintained in children who have myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome using reduced-dose chemotherapy on Children's Oncology Group trial A2971: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer 2012; 118 (19): 4806–14. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27484

31. Kojima S., Sako M., Kato K., Hosoi G., Sato T., Ohara A., et al. An effective chemotherapeutic regimen for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children with Down's syndrome. Leukemia 2000; 14 (5): 786–91.

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