Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2024; 23: 116-127
Осложнения высокодозной полихимиотерапии с последующей аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у детей с солидными злокачественными новообразованиями: опыт одного Центра
https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-2-116-127Аннотация
Высокодозная полихимиотерапия (ВДПХТ) с последующей аутологической трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ауто-ТГСК) является терапевтической опцией, которая позволяет потенцировать противоопухолевый эффект у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями (ЗНО), относящихся к группе высокого риска. Однако, несмотря на эффективность данного метода, более высокие по сравнению со стандартными протоколами лечения риски развития инфекционных и токсических осложнений в раннем и позднем посттрансплантационных периодах способны значимо ухудшить результаты трансплантации. Нами проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов ауто-ТГСК в когорте из 156 пациентов с солидными ЗНО группы высокого риска, получавших лечение в НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России в 2020–2023 гг. Исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина. В исследование были включены 78 (50%) мальчиков и 78 (50%) девочек, медиана возраста пациентов составила 8 лет 7 месяцев (9 месяцев – 17 лет 8 месяцев). Ауто-ТГСК была проведена 90 (57,7%) пациентам с нейробластомой, 25 (16,0%) – с саркомой Юинга, 16 (10,3%) – с герминогенноклеточными опухолями, 13 (8,4%) –с нефробластомой, 7 (4,5%) – с ретинобластомой, 3 (1,9%) – с медуллобластомой, 1 (0,6%) – с плевропульмональной бластомой и 1 (0,6%) – с сиалобластомой. Использовались режимы кондиционирования в составе: треосульфан + мелфалан (n = 116), карбоплатин + тиотепа + этопозид (n = 17), мелфалан (n = 13), карбоплатин + тиотепа + этопозид + циклофосфамид (n = 10). В зависимости от клинических показаний и используемого протокола лечения у 136 (87,2%) пациентов был проведен 1 курс ВДПХТ, а в 20 (12,8%) случаях выполнена тандемная ВДПХТ. У большинства пациентов медиана времени восстановления количества гранулоцитов и тромбоцитов составила 11 (8–19) дней и 14 (12–21) дней соответственно. Наиболее частыми инфекционными осложнениями у пациентов после ауто-ТГСК были мукозит (89,1%), нейтропенический энтероколит (76,9%), фебрильная нейтропения (71,2%), реже катетер-ассоциированная инфекция кровотока (9%), пневмония (14,1%), острый респираторный дистресс-синдром (0,6%). Среди токсических осложнений у всех пациентов отмечался эметический синдром, у 98 (62,8%) – дерматологическая токсичность, у 9 (5,8%) – геморрагический цистит, у 116 (74,3%) – печеночная токсичность, у 14 (9%) – нейротоксичность, у 102 (65,4%) – нутритивная недостаточность средней тяжести. Эпизоды геморрагического синдрома на фоне тромбоцитопении развивались у 44,2% пациентов. В большинстве случаев после ауто-ТГСК развиваются химиоиндуцированные (в том числе инфекционные) осложнения, которые могут не только значимо нарушать самочувствие и качество жизни пациента, но и в зависимости от степени выраженности представлять опасность для жизни. Правильный выбор режима кондиционирования, эффективный сбор гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, комплексная сопроводительная терапия, своевременная диагностика и лечение осложнений позволяют значимо улучшить результаты ауто-ТГСК у детей с солидными ЗНО высокого риска.
Список литературы
1. Michel R.P., Berry G.J. (eds.). Pathology of transplantation. Cham: Springer; 2016. Pp. 401–40.
2. Maziarz R.T. Blood and marrow transplant handbook. 2nd ed. Cham: Springer; 2015. Pp. 3–11, 29–33.
3. Galgano L., Hutt D. HSCT: How Does It Work? In: Kenyon M., Babic A. (eds.). The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses. Springer, Cham; 2018. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50026-3_2
4. Carreras E., Dufour C., Mohty M., Kröger N. (eds.). The EBMT Handbook: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies. 7th ed. Cham: Springer; 2019.
5. Диникина Ю.В., Моргачева Д.А., Смирнова А.Ю., Тошина Ю.К., Лапаева С.И., Егоров А.С. и др. Опыт применения интенсивных режимов химиотерапии с аутологичной трансплантацией стволовых клеток у детей со злокачественными опухолями группы высокого риска. Российский журнал персонализированной медицины 2022; 2 (1): 104–16. doi: 10.18705/2782-3806-2022-2-1-104-116
6. Diaz M.A., Kanold J., Vincent M.G., Halle P., Madero L., Deméocq F. Using peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) for transplantation in pediatric patients: a state-of-art review. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 26 (12): 1291–8.
7. To L.B., Haylock D.N., Simmons P.J. The biology and clinical use of blood stem cells. Blood 1997; 89: 2233– 58.
8. Orbach D., Hojjat-Assari S., Doz F., Pacquement H., Guillaume A., Mathiot C., et al. Peripheral blood stem cell collection in 24 lowweight infants: experience of a single centre. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31 (3): 171–4.
9. Sevilla J., Plaza S.F., González-Vicent M., Lassaletta A., Ramírez M., Madero L., Angel Díaz M. PBSC collection in extremely low weight infants: a singlecenter experience. Cytotherapy 2007; 9 (4): 356–61.
10. Mackall С., Fry T., Gress R., Peggs K., Storek J., Toubert A.; Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR); National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP); European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (EBMT); American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT); Canadian Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (CBMTG); Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA); Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA); Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Canada (AMMI); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Background to hematopoietic cell transplantation, including post transplant immune recovery. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 44: 457–62. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.255.p.458
11. Nucci M., Anaissie E. Infections After High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Infections in Hematology. 2014; 49–61. Published 2014 Nov 27.
12. Lehrnbecher T., Fisher B.T., Phillips B., Alexander S., Ammann R.A., Beauchemin M., et al. Guideline for Antibacterial Prophylaxis Administration in Pediatric Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71 (1): 226–36.
13. Choi Y.B., Yi E.S., Kang J.M., Lee J.W., Yoo K.H., Kim Y.-J., et al. Infectious Complications during Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Children with High-Risk or Recurrent Solid Tumors. PLoS One 2016; 11 (9): e0162178.
14. Falcon C.P., Broglie L., Phelan R., Choi S.W., Auletta J.J., Chewning J.H., et al. Infection prophylaxis patterns following pediatric autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A survey of Pediatric Transplant and Cell Therapy Consortium centers. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24 (8): e13821.
15. Barone A. Antibacterial prophylaxis in neutropenic children with cancer. Pediatr Rep 2011; 3 (1): e3.
16. Mikulska M., Viscoli C., Orasch C., Livermore D.M., Averbuch D., Cordonnier C., et al. Aetiology and resistance in bacteraemias among adult and paediatric haematology and cancer patients. J Infect 2014; 68: 321–31.
17. Averbuch D., Tridello G., Hoek J., Mikulska M., Akan H., Yanez San Segundo L., et al. Antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative rods causing bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: intercontinental prospective study of the infectious diseases working party of the European bone marrow transplantation group. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65: 1819–28.
18. Mikulska M., Raiola A.M., Galaverna F., Balletto E., Borghesi M.L., Varaldo R., et al. Pre-engraftment bloodstream infections after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: impact of T cell-replete transplantation from a haploidentical donor. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24: 109–18.
19. Girmenia C., Bertaina A., Piciocchi A., Perruccio K., Algarotti A., Busca A., et al. Incidence, risk factors and outcome of pre-engraftment gram-negative bacteremia after allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an Italian prospective multicenter survey. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65: 1884–96.
20. Jagasia M.H., Greinix H.T., Arora M., Williams K.M., Wolff D., Cowen E.W., et al. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease: I. The 2014 Diagnosis and Staging Working Group report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21 (3): 389–401.e1.
21. Epstein J.B., Schubert M.M. Oropharyngeal mucositis in cancer therapy. Review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Oncology (Williston Park) 2003; 17: 1767.
22. Ljungman P., de la Camara R., Robin C., Crocchiolo R., Einsele H., Hill J.A., et al. Guidelines for the management of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with haematological malignancies and after stem cell transplantation from the 2017 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 7). Lancet Infect Dis 2019; 19 (8): e260–72.
23. Hussein A.A., Al-Antary E.T., Najjar R., Al-Hamdan D.S., Al-Zaben A., Frangoul H., et al. Incidence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62 (6): 1099–101.
24. Jain T., John J., Kotecha A., Deol A., Saliminia T., Revankar S., Chandrasekar P. Cytomegalovirus nfection in autologous stem cell transplant recipients in the era of rituximab. Ann Hematol 2016; 95 (8): 1323–7.
25. Randolph-Habecker J., Iwata M., Torok-Storb B. Cytomegalovirus mediated myelosuppression. J Clin Virol 2002; 25 Suppl 2: S51–6.
26. Gerber D.E., Segal J.B., Levy M.Y., Deol A., Saliminia T., Revankar S., Chandrasekar P., et al. The incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding among 1514 patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: implications for VTE prevention. Blood 2008; 112: 504–10.
27. Chaturvedi S., Neff A., Nagler A., Savani U., Mohty M., Savani B.N., et al. Venous thromboembolism in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51: 473–8.
28. Nadir Y., Brenner B. Hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications in bone marrow transplant recipients. Thromb Res 2007; 120 (Suppl 2): 592–8.
29. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Version 4.0. Published: May 28, 2009 (v4.03: June 14, 2010) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.eortc.be/services/doc/ctc/CTCAE_4.03_2010-06-14_QuickReference_5x7.pdf (accessed 28.05.2024).
30. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines). Antiemesis. Version 2.2017. March 28, 2017. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.nccn.org/profession-als/physician_gls/pdf/antiemesis.pdf (accessed 28.05.2024).
31. Алиев Т.З., Мачнева Е.Б., Сидорова Н.В., Белышева Т.С., Валиев Т.Т., Киргизов К.И. Поражение кожных покровов при трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Обзор литературы. Вопросы гематологии/ онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии 2020; 19 (2): 184–92. DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-2020-192-184-192
32. Wachowiak J., et al. Intravenous treosulfan in conditioning before allogeneic HSCT from MSD in children with high risk of toxic complications related to conventional preparative regimen. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; (30): S12.
33. Główka F.K., Romański M., Wachowiak J. High-dose treosulfan in conditioning prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19: 1275–95.
34. Алиев Т.З., Мачнева Е.Б., Костарева И.О., Сергеенко К.А., Бурлака Н.А., Кудаева Л.М. и др. Токсические осложнения высоких доз треосульфана у детей: опыт ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России. Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии 2023; 10 (3): 55–62. DOI: 10.21682/2311-1267-2023-10-3-55-62
35. Алиев Т.З., Потемкина Т.И., Белышева Т.С., Валиев Т.Т., Сергеенко К.А., Костарева И.О. и др. Дерматологическая токсичность высоких доз тиотепы у детей. Описание клинического случая. Педиатрическая фармакология 2023; 20 (2): 134–40. DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i2.2543
36. Cooke K.R., Yanik G.A. Lung injury following hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Forman S.J., Negrin R.S., Antin J.H., Appelbaum F.R. (eds.). Thomas’ hematopoietic cell transplantation. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2016. Pp. 1090–104, 1157–70.
37. Cesaro S., Dalianis T., Hanssen Rinaldo C., Koskenvuo M., Pegoraro A., Einsele H., et al. ECIL guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of BK polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73: 12–21.
38. Hockenbery D.M., Strasser S.I., McDonald G.B. Gastrointestinal and hepatic complications. In: Forman S.J., Negrin R.S., Antin J.H., Appelbaum F.R. (eds.). Thomas’ hematopoietic cell transplantation. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2016. Pp. 1140–56.
39. Carreras E. How I treat sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2015; 168: 481–91.
40. Костарева И.О., Мачнева Е.Б., Сидорова Н.В., Киргизов К.И. Веноокклюзионная болезнь печени при трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и высокодозных режимах химиотерапии. Обзор литературы. Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии 2020; 7 (3): 94–101. DOI: 10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-3-94-101
41. Cooke K.R., Yanik G.A. Lung injury following hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Forman S.J., Negrin R.S., Antin J.H., Appelbaum F.R. (eds.). Thomas’ hematopoietic cell transplantation. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2016. Pp. 1157–70.
42. Lucena C.M., Torres A., Rovira M., Marcos M.A., de la Bellacasa J.P., Sánchez M., et al. Pulmonary complications in hematopoietic SCT: a prospective study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49: 1293–9.
43. Rondón G., Saliba R.M., Chen J., Ledesma C., Alousi A.M., Oran B., et al. Impact of fluid overload as new toxicity category on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcomes. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23: 2166–71.
44. Panoskaltsis-Mortari A., Griese M., Madtes D.K., Belperio J.A., Haddad I.Y., Folz R.J., Cooke K.R.; American Thoracic Society Committee on Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome. An official American Thoracic Society research statement: noninfectious lung injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 1262–79.
45. Maffini E., Festuccia M., Brunello L., Boccadoro M., Giaccone L., Bruno B., et al. Neurologic complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23 (3): 388–97.
46. Denier C., Bourhis J.-H., Lacroix C., Koscielny S., Bosq J., Sigal R., et al. Spectrum and prognosis of neurologic complications after hematopoietic transplantation. Neurology 2006; 67: 1990–7.
47. Eberly A.L., Anderson G.D., Bubalo J.S., McCune J.S. Optimal prevention of seizures induced by high-dose busulfan. Pharmacotherapy 2008; 28: 1502–10.
48. Fuji S., Mori T., Lee V., et al. A multi-center international survey related to the nutritional support after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation endorsed by the ASIA Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation (APBMT). Food Nutr Sci 2012; 3: 417–21.
49. Baumgartner A., Bargetzi A., Zueger N., Bargetzi M., Medinger M., Bounoure L., et al. Revisiting nutritional support for allogeneic hematologic stem cell transplantation – a systematic review. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52: 506–13.
50. Bozzetti F., Arends J., Lundholm K., Micklewright A., Zurcher G., Muscaritoli M. ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: non-surgical oncology. Clin Nutr 2009; 28: 445–54.
51. Duro D., Bechard L.J., Feldman H.A., Klykov A., O'Leary A., Guinan E.C., Duggan C., et al. Weekly measurements accurately represent trends in resting energy expenditure in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Parenter Enter Nutr 2008; 32: 427–32.
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology. 2024; 23: 116-127
Complications of high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with solid malignant neoplasms: a single-center experience
https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-2-116-127Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is a therapeutic option that allows potentiating the antitumor effect in patients with malignant neoplasms (MNs) belonging to the high-risk group. However, despite the effectiveness of this method, the risks of developing infectious and toxic complications in the early and late post-transplantation period are higher than the risks associated with treatment according to standard protocols and can significantly worsen the results of transplantation. We carried out a retrospective analysis of the results of auto-HSCT in a cohort of 156 patients with high-risk solid MNs treated at the L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation in 2020–2023. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The study included 78 (50%) boys and 78 (50%) girls, the median age of the patients was 8 years 7 months (9 months – 17 years 8 months). Auto-HSCT was performed in 90 (57.7%) patients with neuroblastoma, 25 (16.0%) – with Ewing's sarcoma, 16 (10.3%) – with germ cell tumors, 13 (8.4%) – with nephroblastoma, 7 (4.5%) – with retinoblastoma, 3 (1.9%) – with medulloblastoma, 1 (0.6%) patient with pleuropulmonary blastoma and 1 (0.6%) patient with sialoblastoma. We used the following conditioning regimens: treosulfan + melphalan (n = 116), carboplatin + thiotepa + etoposide (n = 17), melphalan (n = 13), carboplatin + thiotepa + etoposide + cyclophosphamide (n = 10). Depending on the clinical indications and the treatment protocol used, 136 (87.2%) patients underwent one course of HDCT, and 20 (12.8%) patients underwent tandem HDCT. In most patients, the median recovery time for granulocytes and platelets was 11 (8–19) days and 14 (12–21) days, respectively. The most common infectious complications in patients after auto-HSCT were mucositis (89.1%), neutropenic enterocolitis (76.9%), febrile neutropenia (71.2%), less often: catheter-associated bloodstream infection (9%), pneumonia (14.1%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (0.6%). As regards toxic complications, all patients had emetic syndrome, 98 (62.8%) had dermatological toxicity, 9 (5.8%) had hemorrhagic cystitis, 116 (74.3%) had hepatic toxicity, 14 (9%) had neurotoxicity, 102 (65.4%) had moderate nutritional insufficiency. Episodes of hemorrhagic syndrome due to thrombocytopenia were observed in 44.2% of patients. After auto-HSCT, most patients develop chemotherapy-induced (including infectious) complications, which can not only significantly disrupt the patients’ well-being and quality of life, but also, depending on the severity, pose a threat to their life. The correct choice of conditioning regimen, effective collection of hematopoietic stem cells, complex accompanying therapy, timely diagnosis and treatment of complications can significantly improve the results of auto-HSCT in children with high-risk solid MNs.
References
1. Michel R.P., Berry G.J. (eds.). Pathology of transplantation. Cham: Springer; 2016. Pp. 401–40.
2. Maziarz R.T. Blood and marrow transplant handbook. 2nd ed. Cham: Springer; 2015. Pp. 3–11, 29–33.
3. Galgano L., Hutt D. HSCT: How Does It Work? In: Kenyon M., Babic A. (eds.). The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses. Springer, Cham; 2018. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50026-3_2
4. Carreras E., Dufour C., Mohty M., Kröger N. (eds.). The EBMT Handbook: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies. 7th ed. Cham: Springer; 2019.
5. Dinikina Yu.V., Morgacheva D.A., Smirnova A.Yu., Toshina Yu.K., Lapaeva S.I., Egorov A.S. i dr. Opyt primeneniya intensivnykh rezhimov khimioterapii s autologichnoi transplantatsiei stvolovykh kletok u detei so zlokachestvennymi opukholyami gruppy vysokogo riska. Rossiiskii zhurnal personalizirovannoi meditsiny 2022; 2 (1): 104–16. doi: 10.18705/2782-3806-2022-2-1-104-116
6. Diaz M.A., Kanold J., Vincent M.G., Halle P., Madero L., Deméocq F. Using peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) for transplantation in pediatric patients: a state-of-art review. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 26 (12): 1291–8.
7. To L.B., Haylock D.N., Simmons P.J. The biology and clinical use of blood stem cells. Blood 1997; 89: 2233– 58.
8. Orbach D., Hojjat-Assari S., Doz F., Pacquement H., Guillaume A., Mathiot C., et al. Peripheral blood stem cell collection in 24 lowweight infants: experience of a single centre. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31 (3): 171–4.
9. Sevilla J., Plaza S.F., González-Vicent M., Lassaletta A., Ramírez M., Madero L., Angel Díaz M. PBSC collection in extremely low weight infants: a singlecenter experience. Cytotherapy 2007; 9 (4): 356–61.
10. Mackall S., Fry T., Gress R., Peggs K., Storek J., Toubert A.; Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR); National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP); European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (EBMT); American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT); Canadian Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (CBMTG); Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA); Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA); Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Canada (AMMI); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Background to hematopoietic cell transplantation, including post transplant immune recovery. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 44: 457–62. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.255.p.458
11. Nucci M., Anaissie E. Infections After High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Infections in Hematology. 2014; 49–61. Published 2014 Nov 27.
12. Lehrnbecher T., Fisher B.T., Phillips B., Alexander S., Ammann R.A., Beauchemin M., et al. Guideline for Antibacterial Prophylaxis Administration in Pediatric Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71 (1): 226–36.
13. Choi Y.B., Yi E.S., Kang J.M., Lee J.W., Yoo K.H., Kim Y.-J., et al. Infectious Complications during Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Children with High-Risk or Recurrent Solid Tumors. PLoS One 2016; 11 (9): e0162178.
14. Falcon C.P., Broglie L., Phelan R., Choi S.W., Auletta J.J., Chewning J.H., et al. Infection prophylaxis patterns following pediatric autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A survey of Pediatric Transplant and Cell Therapy Consortium centers. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24 (8): e13821.
15. Barone A. Antibacterial prophylaxis in neutropenic children with cancer. Pediatr Rep 2011; 3 (1): e3.
16. Mikulska M., Viscoli C., Orasch C., Livermore D.M., Averbuch D., Cordonnier C., et al. Aetiology and resistance in bacteraemias among adult and paediatric haematology and cancer patients. J Infect 2014; 68: 321–31.
17. Averbuch D., Tridello G., Hoek J., Mikulska M., Akan H., Yanez San Segundo L., et al. Antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative rods causing bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: intercontinental prospective study of the infectious diseases working party of the European bone marrow transplantation group. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65: 1819–28.
18. Mikulska M., Raiola A.M., Galaverna F., Balletto E., Borghesi M.L., Varaldo R., et al. Pre-engraftment bloodstream infections after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: impact of T cell-replete transplantation from a haploidentical donor. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24: 109–18.
19. Girmenia C., Bertaina A., Piciocchi A., Perruccio K., Algarotti A., Busca A., et al. Incidence, risk factors and outcome of pre-engraftment gram-negative bacteremia after allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an Italian prospective multicenter survey. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65: 1884–96.
20. Jagasia M.H., Greinix H.T., Arora M., Williams K.M., Wolff D., Cowen E.W., et al. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease: I. The 2014 Diagnosis and Staging Working Group report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21 (3): 389–401.e1.
21. Epstein J.B., Schubert M.M. Oropharyngeal mucositis in cancer therapy. Review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Oncology (Williston Park) 2003; 17: 1767.
22. Ljungman P., de la Camara R., Robin C., Crocchiolo R., Einsele H., Hill J.A., et al. Guidelines for the management of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with haematological malignancies and after stem cell transplantation from the 2017 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 7). Lancet Infect Dis 2019; 19 (8): e260–72.
23. Hussein A.A., Al-Antary E.T., Najjar R., Al-Hamdan D.S., Al-Zaben A., Frangoul H., et al. Incidence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62 (6): 1099–101.
24. Jain T., John J., Kotecha A., Deol A., Saliminia T., Revankar S., Chandrasekar P. Cytomegalovirus nfection in autologous stem cell transplant recipients in the era of rituximab. Ann Hematol 2016; 95 (8): 1323–7.
25. Randolph-Habecker J., Iwata M., Torok-Storb B. Cytomegalovirus mediated myelosuppression. J Clin Virol 2002; 25 Suppl 2: S51–6.
26. Gerber D.E., Segal J.B., Levy M.Y., Deol A., Saliminia T., Revankar S., Chandrasekar P., et al. The incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding among 1514 patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: implications for VTE prevention. Blood 2008; 112: 504–10.
27. Chaturvedi S., Neff A., Nagler A., Savani U., Mohty M., Savani B.N., et al. Venous thromboembolism in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51: 473–8.
28. Nadir Y., Brenner B. Hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications in bone marrow transplant recipients. Thromb Res 2007; 120 (Suppl 2): 592–8.
29. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Version 4.0. Published: May 28, 2009 (v4.03: June 14, 2010) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.eortc.be/services/doc/ctc/CTCAE_4.03_2010-06-14_QuickReference_5x7.pdf (accessed 28.05.2024).
30. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines). Antiemesis. Version 2.2017. March 28, 2017. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.nccn.org/profession-als/physician_gls/pdf/antiemesis.pdf (accessed 28.05.2024).
31. Aliev T.Z., Machneva E.B., Sidorova N.V., Belysheva T.S., Valiev T.T., Kirgizov K.I. Porazhenie kozhnykh pokrovov pri transplantatsii gemopoeticheskikh stvolovykh kletok. Obzor literatury. Voprosy gematologii/ onkologii i immunopatologii v pediatrii 2020; 19 (2): 184–92. DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-2020-192-184-192
32. Wachowiak J., et al. Intravenous treosulfan in conditioning before allogeneic HSCT from MSD in children with high risk of toxic complications related to conventional preparative regimen. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; (30): S12.
33. Główka F.K., Romański M., Wachowiak J. High-dose treosulfan in conditioning prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19: 1275–95.
34. Aliev T.Z., Machneva E.B., Kostareva I.O., Sergeenko K.A., Burlaka N.A., Kudaeva L.M. i dr. Toksicheskie oslozhneniya vysokikh doz treosul'fana u detei: opyt FGBU «NMITs onkologii im. N.N. Blokhina» Minzdrava Rossii. Rossiiskii zhurnal detskoi gematologii i onkologii 2023; 10 (3): 55–62. DOI: 10.21682/2311-1267-2023-10-3-55-62
35. Aliev T.Z., Potemkina T.I., Belysheva T.S., Valiev T.T., Sergeenko K.A., Kostareva I.O. i dr. Dermatologicheskaya toksichnost' vysokikh doz tiotepy u detei. Opisanie klinicheskogo sluchaya. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya 2023; 20 (2): 134–40. DOI: 10.15690/pf.v20i2.2543
36. Cooke K.R., Yanik G.A. Lung injury following hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Forman S.J., Negrin R.S., Antin J.H., Appelbaum F.R. (eds.). Thomas’ hematopoietic cell transplantation. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2016. Pp. 1090–104, 1157–70.
37. Cesaro S., Dalianis T., Hanssen Rinaldo C., Koskenvuo M., Pegoraro A., Einsele H., et al. ECIL guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of BK polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73: 12–21.
38. Hockenbery D.M., Strasser S.I., McDonald G.B. Gastrointestinal and hepatic complications. In: Forman S.J., Negrin R.S., Antin J.H., Appelbaum F.R. (eds.). Thomas’ hematopoietic cell transplantation. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2016. Pp. 1140–56.
39. Carreras E. How I treat sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2015; 168: 481–91.
40. Kostareva I.O., Machneva E.B., Sidorova N.V., Kirgizov K.I. Venookklyuzionnaya bolezn' pecheni pri transplantatsii gemopoeticheskikh stvolovykh kletok i vysokodoznykh rezhimakh khimioterapii. Obzor literatury. Rossiiskii zhurnal detskoi gematologii i onkologii 2020; 7 (3): 94–101. DOI: 10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-3-94-101
41. Cooke K.R., Yanik G.A. Lung injury following hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Forman S.J., Negrin R.S., Antin J.H., Appelbaum F.R. (eds.). Thomas’ hematopoietic cell transplantation. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2016. Pp. 1157–70.
42. Lucena C.M., Torres A., Rovira M., Marcos M.A., de la Bellacasa J.P., Sánchez M., et al. Pulmonary complications in hematopoietic SCT: a prospective study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49: 1293–9.
43. Rondón G., Saliba R.M., Chen J., Ledesma C., Alousi A.M., Oran B., et al. Impact of fluid overload as new toxicity category on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcomes. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23: 2166–71.
44. Panoskaltsis-Mortari A., Griese M., Madtes D.K., Belperio J.A., Haddad I.Y., Folz R.J., Cooke K.R.; American Thoracic Society Committee on Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome. An official American Thoracic Society research statement: noninfectious lung injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 1262–79.
45. Maffini E., Festuccia M., Brunello L., Boccadoro M., Giaccone L., Bruno B., et al. Neurologic complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23 (3): 388–97.
46. Denier C., Bourhis J.-H., Lacroix C., Koscielny S., Bosq J., Sigal R., et al. Spectrum and prognosis of neurologic complications after hematopoietic transplantation. Neurology 2006; 67: 1990–7.
47. Eberly A.L., Anderson G.D., Bubalo J.S., McCune J.S. Optimal prevention of seizures induced by high-dose busulfan. Pharmacotherapy 2008; 28: 1502–10.
48. Fuji S., Mori T., Lee V., et al. A multi-center international survey related to the nutritional support after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation endorsed by the ASIA Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation (APBMT). Food Nutr Sci 2012; 3: 417–21.
49. Baumgartner A., Bargetzi A., Zueger N., Bargetzi M., Medinger M., Bounoure L., et al. Revisiting nutritional support for allogeneic hematologic stem cell transplantation – a systematic review. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52: 506–13.
50. Bozzetti F., Arends J., Lundholm K., Micklewright A., Zurcher G., Muscaritoli M. ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: non-surgical oncology. Clin Nutr 2009; 28: 445–54.
51. Duro D., Bechard L.J., Feldman H.A., Klykov A., O'Leary A., Guinan E.C., Duggan C., et al. Weekly measurements accurately represent trends in resting energy expenditure in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Parenter Enter Nutr 2008; 32: 427–32.
