Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2023; 22: 110-121
Редкая причина экссудативной энтеропатии у ребенка раннего возраста – гистиоцитоз из клеток Лангерганса
Мовсисян Г. Б., Комарова А. Д., Куликов К. А., Калинина И. И., Лохматов М. М., Олдаковский В. И., Тепаев Р. Ф., Рославцева Е. А., Потапов А. С., Щиголева Н. Е., Материкин А. И., Савостьянов К. В.
https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2023-22-1-110-121Аннотация
Экссудативная энтеропатия – клинический синдром, который характеризуется чрезмерной потерей белков через желудочно-кишечный тракт и представляет собой редкое осложнение различных гастроинтестинальных заболеваний. Одной из самых редких причин развития мальабсорбции белка является гистиоцитоз из клеток Лангерганса, возникающий в исходе воспалительной неоплазии миелоидных клеток-предшественников, вызванной мутациями в митоген-активируемом протеинкиназном пути. Аномальная пролиферация и аккумуляция клеток Лангерганса в стенке кишки приводят к нарушению оттока лимфы и обусловливают характерные для энтеропатии клинические проявления. Учитывая, что поражение желудочно-кишечного тракта при гистиоцитозе из клеток Лангерганса встречается в 2–3% случаев, а клинические признаки не являются высокоспецифичными, своевременная диагностика затруднена. Отсроченная верификация диагноза и позднее начало адекватного лечения являются факторами риска мультисистемного поражения и обусловливают неблагоприятный исход. В литературе описаны немногочисленные наблюдения начала или проявления заболевания с симптомов мальабсорбции белка. Нами представлен редкий клинический случай диагностики гистиоцитоза из клеток Лангерганса у ребенка раннего возраста с тяжелыми проявлениями экссудативной энтеропатии в дебюте. Родители пациентки дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий ребенка, в научных исследованиях и публикациях. Рефрактерная гастроинтестинальная симптоматика требует обязательного эндоскопического и гистологического исследования для выявления редких причин мальабсорбции. Своевременная инициация таргетной терапии препаратом вемурафениб в сочетании с последующей химиотерапией позволила обеспечить ребенку благоприятный прогноз и стойкую ремиссию заболевания.
Список литературы
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4. Elli L., Topa M., Rimondi A. Protein-losing enteropathy. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2020; 36 (3): 238–44. DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000629
5. Santos-Machado T.M., Cristo´fani L.M., Almeida M.T., Maluf P.T., Costa P.A., Pereira M.A., et al. Disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis and massive protein-losing enteropathy. Braz J Med Biol Res 1999; 32 (9): 1095–9. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1999000900007
6. Shima H., Takahashi T., Shimada H. Protein-Losing Enteropathy Caused by Gastrointestinal Tract-Involved Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Pediatrics 2010; 125 (2): e426–32. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-1742
7. Haupt R., Minkov M., Astigarraga I., Schäfer E., Nanduri V., Jubran R., et al. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH): Guidelines for Diagnosis, Clinical Work-Up, and Treatment for Patients Till the Age of 18 Years. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60 (2): 175–84. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24367
8. Krooks J., Minkov M., Weatherall A. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: History, classification, pathobiology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78 (6): 1035–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.05.059
9. Allen C.E., Merad M., McClain K.L. Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis. N Engl J Med 2018; 379 (9): 856–68. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1607548
10. Jordan M.B., Allen C.E., Greenberg J., Henry M., Hermiston M.L., Kumar A., et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Recommendations from the North American Consortium for Histiocytosis (NACHO). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66 (11): e27929. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27929
11. Guyot-Goubin A., Donadieu J., Barkaoui M., Bellec S., Thomas C., Clavel J. Descriptive epidemiology of childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis in France. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 51 (1): 71–5. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21498
12. Salotti J.A., Nanduri V., Pearce M.S., Parker L., Lynn R., Windebank K.P. Incidence and clinical features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the UK and Ireland. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94 (5): 376–80. DOI: 10.1136/adc.2008.144527
13. Dhar S., Srinivas S.M., Dhar S., Basu S., Banerjee R., Malakar R., et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: A retrospective case series of 126 cases. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37 (6): 1085–9. DOI: 10.1111/pde.14389
14. Jezierska M., Stefanowicz J., Romanowicz G., Kosiak W., Lange M. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children – a disease with many faces. Recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic examinations and treatment. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35 (1): 6–17. DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2017.67095
15. Leung A.K.C., Lam J.M., Leong K.F. Childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a disease with many faces. World J Pediatr 2019; 15 (6): 536–45. DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00304-9
16. Rodriguez-Galindo C., Allen C.E. Langerhans cell histiocytosis Carlos Rodriguez-Galin. Blood 2020; 135 (16): 1319–31. DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000934
17. Gargan M.-L., Wong J.L., Leidhin C.N. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children under 12 months of age: The spectrum of imaging and clinical findings: Experience in an Irish tertiary referral centre. Eur J Radiol 2021; 134: 109375. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109375
18. Egeler R.M., Schipper M.E.I., Heymans H.S.A. Gastrointestinal involvement in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X): a clinical report of three cases. Eur J Pediatr 1990; 149 (5): 325–9.
19. Hait E., Liang M., Degar B., Glickman J., Fox V.L. Gastrointestinal tract involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: case report and literature review. Pediatrics 2006; 118 (5): e1593–9. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-0708
20. Singhi A.D., Montgomery E.A. Gastrointestinal Tract Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Clinicopathologic Study of 12 Patients. Am J Surg Pathol 2011; 35 (2): 305–10. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31820654e4
21. Yadav S.P., Kharya G., Mohan N., Sehgal A., Bhat S., Jain S., et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis with digestive tract involvement. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55 (4): 748–53. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22663
22. Gotesman M., Getachew R., Morales S., Zangwill K.M., Gershman G., Lee S., et al. A Case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Multifocal, Single-System GI Tract Involvement and Literature Review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 42 (6): e491–3. DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001662
23. Wang H., Wang Y., Wang R., Li X. Case Report: Two Infant Cases of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Involving the Digestive Tract. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 545771. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.545771
24. Minkov M. Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: current treatment and future directions. Paediatr Drugs 2011; 13: 75–86. DOI: 10.2165/11538540-000000000-00000
25. Minkov M., Pötschger U., Thacker N., Astigarraga I., Braier J., Donadieu J., et al. Additive Prognostic Impact of Gastrointestinal Involvement in Severe Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. J Pediatr 2021; 237: 65–70.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.016
26. Aricò M. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: from the bench to bedside for an updated therapy. Br J Haematol 2016; 173 (5): 663–70. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13955
27. Yoon H.S., Lee J.H., Michlitsch J., Garcia-Carega M., Jeng M. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Evidence for Risk Organ Status. J Pediatr 2019 212: 66–72.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.05.003.
28. Ren F.L., Skipper D.C., Elbendary A., Tan Q., Elston D.M. Cutaneous manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: a retrospective cohort study of 43 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34 (10): e640–2. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16509
29. Румянцев А.Г., Масчан М.А. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению гистиоцитоза из клеток Лангерганса. М.; 2014. 17 с.
30. Mayumi A., Imamura T., Sakamoto K., Ota T., Osone S., Usami I., et al. Successful treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine of refractory pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis with initial involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. Int J Hematol 2019; 110 (6): 756–62. DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02711-0
31. Donadieu J., Larabi I.A., Tardieu M., Visser J., Hutter C., Sieni E., et al. Vemurafenib for Refractory Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children: An International Observational Study. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37 (31): 2857–65. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.19.00456
32. Evseev D., Kalinina I., Raykina E., Osipova D., Abashidze Z., Ignatova A., et al.Vemurafenib provides a rapid and robust clinical response in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis with the BRAF V600E mutation but does not eliminate low-level minimal residual disease per ddPCR using cell-free circulating DNA. Int J Hematol 2021; 114 (6): 725–34. DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03205-8
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology. 2023; 22: 110-121
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a rare cause of exudative enteropathy in a young child
Movsisyan G. B., Komarova A. D., Kulikov K. A., Kalinina I. I., Lokhmatov M. M., Oldakovskiy V. I., Tepaev R. F., Roslavtseva E. A., Potapov A. S., Shchigoleva N. E., Materikin A. I., Savostyanov K. V.
https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2023-22-1-110-121Abstract
Exudative enteropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by excessive loss of proteins through the gastrointestinal tract and is a rare complication of various gastrointestinal diseases. One of the rarest causes of protein malabsorption is Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which occurs as a result of inflammatory neoplasia of myeloid precursor cells caused by mutations in the mitogenactivated protein kinase pathway. Abnormal proliferation and accumulation of Langerhans cells in the intestinal wall leads to a violation of the outflow of lymph, and causes clinical manifestations characteristic of enteropathy. Given that the lesion of the gastrointestinal tract with histiocytosis from Langerhans cells occurs in 2–3% of cases, and the clinical signs are not highly specific, timely diagnosis is difficult. Delayed verification of the diagnosis and late initiation of adequate treatment are risk factors for multisystem lesions and lead to an unfavorable outcome. The literature describes a few observations of the onset or manifestation of the disease with symptoms of protein malabsorption. We present a rare clinical case of diagnosing histiocytosis from Langerhans cells in a young child with severe manifestations of exudative enteropathy at the onset. The patient's parents gave their consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.
Refractory gastrointestinal symptoms require mandatory endoscopic and histological examination to identify rare causes of malabsorption. Timely initiation of targeted therapy with vemurafenib in combination with subsequent chemotherapy provided the child with a favorable prognosis and stable remission of the disease.
References
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3. Craven M.D., Washabau R.J. Comparative pathophysiology and management of protein-losing enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33 (2): 383–402. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15406
4. Elli L., Topa M., Rimondi A. Protein-losing enteropathy. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2020; 36 (3): 238–44. DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000629
5. Santos-Machado T.M., Cristo´fani L.M., Almeida M.T., Maluf P.T., Costa P.A., Pereira M.A., et al. Disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis and massive protein-losing enteropathy. Braz J Med Biol Res 1999; 32 (9): 1095–9. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1999000900007
6. Shima H., Takahashi T., Shimada H. Protein-Losing Enteropathy Caused by Gastrointestinal Tract-Involved Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Pediatrics 2010; 125 (2): e426–32. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-1742
7. Haupt R., Minkov M., Astigarraga I., Schäfer E., Nanduri V., Jubran R., et al. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH): Guidelines for Diagnosis, Clinical Work-Up, and Treatment for Patients Till the Age of 18 Years. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60 (2): 175–84. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24367
8. Krooks J., Minkov M., Weatherall A. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: History, classification, pathobiology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78 (6): 1035–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.05.059
9. Allen C.E., Merad M., McClain K.L. Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis. N Engl J Med 2018; 379 (9): 856–68. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1607548
10. Jordan M.B., Allen C.E., Greenberg J., Henry M., Hermiston M.L., Kumar A., et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Recommendations from the North American Consortium for Histiocytosis (NACHO). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66 (11): e27929. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27929
11. Guyot-Goubin A., Donadieu J., Barkaoui M., Bellec S., Thomas C., Clavel J. Descriptive epidemiology of childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis in France. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 51 (1): 71–5. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21498
12. Salotti J.A., Nanduri V., Pearce M.S., Parker L., Lynn R., Windebank K.P. Incidence and clinical features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the UK and Ireland. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94 (5): 376–80. DOI: 10.1136/adc.2008.144527
13. Dhar S., Srinivas S.M., Dhar S., Basu S., Banerjee R., Malakar R., et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: A retrospective case series of 126 cases. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37 (6): 1085–9. DOI: 10.1111/pde.14389
14. Jezierska M., Stefanowicz J., Romanowicz G., Kosiak W., Lange M. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children – a disease with many faces. Recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic examinations and treatment. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35 (1): 6–17. DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2017.67095
15. Leung A.K.C., Lam J.M., Leong K.F. Childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a disease with many faces. World J Pediatr 2019; 15 (6): 536–45. DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00304-9
16. Rodriguez-Galindo C., Allen C.E. Langerhans cell histiocytosis Carlos Rodriguez-Galin. Blood 2020; 135 (16): 1319–31. DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000934
17. Gargan M.-L., Wong J.L., Leidhin C.N. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children under 12 months of age: The spectrum of imaging and clinical findings: Experience in an Irish tertiary referral centre. Eur J Radiol 2021; 134: 109375. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109375
18. Egeler R.M., Schipper M.E.I., Heymans H.S.A. Gastrointestinal involvement in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X): a clinical report of three cases. Eur J Pediatr 1990; 149 (5): 325–9.
19. Hait E., Liang M., Degar B., Glickman J., Fox V.L. Gastrointestinal tract involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: case report and literature review. Pediatrics 2006; 118 (5): e1593–9. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-0708
20. Singhi A.D., Montgomery E.A. Gastrointestinal Tract Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Clinicopathologic Study of 12 Patients. Am J Surg Pathol 2011; 35 (2): 305–10. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31820654e4
21. Yadav S.P., Kharya G., Mohan N., Sehgal A., Bhat S., Jain S., et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis with digestive tract involvement. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55 (4): 748–53. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22663
22. Gotesman M., Getachew R., Morales S., Zangwill K.M., Gershman G., Lee S., et al. A Case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Multifocal, Single-System GI Tract Involvement and Literature Review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 42 (6): e491–3. DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001662
23. Wang H., Wang Y., Wang R., Li X. Case Report: Two Infant Cases of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Involving the Digestive Tract. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 545771. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.545771
24. Minkov M. Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: current treatment and future directions. Paediatr Drugs 2011; 13: 75–86. DOI: 10.2165/11538540-000000000-00000
25. Minkov M., Pötschger U., Thacker N., Astigarraga I., Braier J., Donadieu J., et al. Additive Prognostic Impact of Gastrointestinal Involvement in Severe Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. J Pediatr 2021; 237: 65–70.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.016
26. Aricò M. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: from the bench to bedside for an updated therapy. Br J Haematol 2016; 173 (5): 663–70. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13955
27. Yoon H.S., Lee J.H., Michlitsch J., Garcia-Carega M., Jeng M. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Evidence for Risk Organ Status. J Pediatr 2019 212: 66–72.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.05.003.
28. Ren F.L., Skipper D.C., Elbendary A., Tan Q., Elston D.M. Cutaneous manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: a retrospective cohort study of 43 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34 (10): e640–2. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16509
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31. Donadieu J., Larabi I.A., Tardieu M., Visser J., Hutter C., Sieni E., et al. Vemurafenib for Refractory Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children: An International Observational Study. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37 (31): 2857–65. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.19.00456
32. Evseev D., Kalinina I., Raykina E., Osipova D., Abashidze Z., Ignatova A., et al.Vemurafenib provides a rapid and robust clinical response in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis with the BRAF V600E mutation but does not eliminate low-level minimal residual disease per ddPCR using cell-free circulating DNA. Int J Hematol 2021; 114 (6): 725–34. DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03205-8
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