Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2020; 19: 32-44
Рецидивы гепатобластомы у пациентов, получавших программную терапию по протоколам SIOPEL: клинические характеристики и результаты лечения
Моисеенко Р. А., Филин А. В., Ахаладзе Д. Г., Талыпов С. Р., Раков М. А., Феоктистова Е. В., Терещенко Г. В., Ким Э. Ф., Шаманская Т. В., Варфоломеева С. Р., Новичкова Г. А., Качанов Д. Ю.
https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-4-32-44Аннотация
Гепатобластома (ГБ) является самой частой первичной злокачественной опухолью печени у детей. Рецидивы ГБ являются редкой ситуацией и составляют не более 12% случаев среди пациентов, достигших полного ответа после первой линии терапии. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение частоты встречаемости, клинических характеристик и результатов терапии рецидивов ГБ. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России. За период с 02.2012 по 12.2018 (82 мес) в условиях НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева и в рамках программы межинститутского сотрудничества с РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского обследовались и получали лечение 74 пациента с ГБ. У 7/70 (10,0%) пациентов констатирован рецидив ГБ. Медиана возраста на момент постановки диагноза составила 13,3 (0,6–62,9) месяца. Соотношение мальчики:девочки – 1:0,4. Распределение по стадиям PRETEXT: II – 2 (28,6%) пациента, III – 1 (14,3%) больной, IV – 4 (57,1%) человека. Отдаленные метастазы на момент постановки диагноза отмечены у 4 (57,1%) больных. Пациентов группы стандартного риска – 2 (28,6%), группы высокого риска – 5 (71,4%). Трансплантация печени (ТП) проведена 3 (42,8%) больным. Медиана возраста на момент рецидива ГБ – 33,5 (11,9–74,4) месяца. Медиана времени от момента окончания терапии первой линии до развития рецидива ГБ 5,3 (3,2–19,1) мес. Медиана уровня альфа-фетопротеина (АФП) в момент постановки диагноза рецидива ГБ – 35,0 (1,8–34160,4) нг/мл. У 5 (71,4%) пациентов рецидив ГБ выявлен на основании данных обследования, у 2 (28,6%) больных – на основании клинической картины. В 2 случаях рецидива ГБ, несмотря на высокие цифры в дебюте заболевания, уровень АФП в сыворотке крови в момент рецидива оставался в пределах возрастной нормы (ниже 12 нг/мл). Локализация рецидивов: системные – 5 (71,4%), комбинированные – 2 (28,6%). При проведении противорецидивной ПХТ 5 (71,4%) пациентов получали курсы на основе иринотекана. Хирургический этап лечения включал в себя удаление опухолевых очагов с использованием резекций различных модификаций у 6 (85,7%) пациентов. Из 7 пациентов 5 (71,4%) живы, 2 (28,6%) погибли. Из 5 пациентов, находящихся в настоящий момент под наблюдением, живы без опухоли – 4, жив с опухолью – 1 пациент. Медиана длительности наблюдения за пациентами с момента констатации рецидива составила 22,4 (5,2–51,3) мес, при этом медиана длительности наблюдения за 4 пациентами от момента завершения противорецидивной терапии – 39,5 (17,9–44,6) мес. Трехлетняя общая выживаемость после развития рецидива составила 66,6 ± 19,2%. Основным выводом настоящего исследования явилось то, что проведение полихимиотерапии второй линии в сочетании с повторными хирургическими вмешательствами позволяет достичь длительной выживаемости у части пациентов с рецидивами заболевания, включая больных, ранее перенесших ТП.
Список литературы
1. Stiller C.A., Pritchard J., Steliarova-Foucher E. Liver cancer in European children: incidence and survival, 1978– 1997. Report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42 (13): 2115–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.05.011
2. Birch L.J. Epidemiology of pediatric liver tumors. In: Pediatric liver tumors. Zimmermann A., Perilongo G. (eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 2011. Pр. 15–26.
3. Steliarova-Foucher E., Colombet M., Ries L.A.G., Moreno F., Dolya A., Bray F., et al.; IICC-3 contributors. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10: a population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18 (6): 719–31. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9
4. Aronson D.C., Czauderna P., Maibach R., Perilongo G., Morland B. The treatment of hepatoblastoma: Its evolution and the current status as per the SIOPEL trials. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2014; 19 (4): 201–7. DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.142001
5. Czauderna P., Lopez-Terrada D., Hiyama E., Häberle B., Malogolowkin M.H., Meyers R.L. Hepatoblastoma state of the art: pathology, genetics, risk stratification, and chemotherapy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014; 26 (1): 19–28. DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000046
6. Semeraro M., Branchereau S., Maibach R., Zsiros J., Casanova M., Brock P., et al. Relapses in hepatoblastoma patients: Clinical characteristics and outcome – Experience of the International Childhood Liver Tumour Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Eur J Cancer 2013; 49: 915–22.
7. Roebuck D., Aronson D.C., Clapuyt P., Czauderna P., Ville de Goyet J., Gauthier F., et al. 2005 PRETEXT: a revised staging system for primary malignant liver tumours of childhood developed by the SIOPEL group. Pediatr Radiol 2007; 37: 123–32 DOI 10.1007/s00247-006-0361-5
8. Perilongo G., Maibach R., Shafford E., Brugieres L., Brock P., Morland B., et al. Cisplatin versus cisplatin plus doxorubicin for standard-risk hepatoblastoma. N Engl J Med 2009; 361 (17): 1662–70. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810613
9. Zsiros J., Brugieres L., Brock P., Roebuck D., Maibach R., Zimmermann A., et al. Dosedense cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery for children with high-risk hepatoblastoma (SIOPEL-4): a prospective, single-arm, feasibility study. International Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Lancet Oncol 2013; 14 (9):834–42. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70272-9
10. Zsíros J., Maibach R., Shafford E., Brugieres L., Brock P., Czauderna P., et al. Successful treatment of childhood highrisk hepatoblastoma with dose-intensive multiagent chemotherapy and surgery: final results of the SIOPEL-3HR study. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28 (15): 2584–90. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4857
11. Качанов Д.Ю., Шаманская Т.В., Филин А.В., Моисеенко Р.А., Терещенко Г.В., Феоктистова Е.В. и др. Диспансерное наблюдение пациентов c гепатобластомой. Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии 2014; (4): 78–89.
12. López-Terrada D., Alaggio R., de Dávila M.T., Czauderna P., Hiyama E., Katzenstein H., et al. Children's Oncology Group Liver Tumor Committee. Towards an international pediatric liver tumor consensus classification: proceedings of the Los Angeles COG liver tumors symposium. Mod Pathol 2014; 27 (3): 472– 91. DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.80
13. Качанов Д.Ю., Алиев Т.З., Моисеенко Р.А., Рощин В.Ю., Метелин А.В., Ускова Н.Г. и др. Рецидивы гепатобластомы с нормальным уровнем альфафетопротеина. Вопросы гематологии/ онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии 2019; 18 (4): 58–65.
14. Malogolowkin M.H., Katzenstein H.M., Krailo M., Chen Z., Quinn J.J., Reynolds M., et al. Redefining the role of doxorubicin for the treatment of children with hepatoblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (14): 2379–83. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.7204
15. Suh M.Y., Wang K., Gutweiler J.R., Misra M.V., Krawczuk L.E., Jenkins R.L., et al. Safety of minimal immunosuppression in liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43 (6): 1148– 52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.045
16. Rojas Y., Guillerman R.P., Zhang W., Vasudevan S.A., Nuchtern J.G., Thompson P.A. Relapse surveillance in AFP-positive hepatoblastoma: re-evaluating the role of imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2014; 44 (10): 1275–80. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-3000-6
17. Figarola M.S., McQuiston S.A., Wilson F., Powell R. Recurrent hepatoblastoma with localization by PET-CT. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35 (12): 1254–8.
18. Philip I., Shun A., Mc Cowage G., Howman-Giles R. Positron emission tomography in recurrent hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Surg Int 2005; 21 (5): 341–5.
19. Aronson D.C., Weeda V.B., Maibach R., Czauderna P., Dall'Igna P., de Ville de Goyet J., et al. Childhood Liver Tumour Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Microscopically positive resection margin after hepatoblastoma resection: what is the impact on prognosis? A Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group (SIOPEL) report. Eur J Cancer 2019; 106: 126–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.10.013
20. Paediatric Hepatic International Tumour Trial (PHITT). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03017326. Assessed 05.04.2020
21. Trobaugh-Lotrario A.D., Feusner J.H. Relapsed hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59 (5): 813–7. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24218
22. Trobaugh-Lotrario A.D., Meyers R.L., Feusner J.H. Outcomes of Patients With Relapsed Hepatoblastoma Enrolled on Children’s Oncology Group (COG) Phase I and II Studies. J Pediatr Hematol Оncol 2016; 38 (3): 187–90. DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000474
23. Fuchs J., Rydzynski J., Von Schweinitz D., Bode U., Hecker H., Weinel P., et al. Study Committee of the Cooperative Pediatric Liver Tumor Study Hb 94 for the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology. Pretreatment prognostic factors and treatment results in children with hepatoblastoma: a report from the German Cooperative Pediatric Liver Tumor Study HB 94. Cancer 2002; 95 (1): 172–82.
24. Katzenstein H.M., Furman W.L., Malogolowkin M.H., Krailo M.D., McCarville M.B., Towbin A.J., et al. Upfront window vincristine/irinotecan treatment of high-risk hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AHEP0731 study committee. Cancer 2017; 123 (12): 2360–7. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30591
25. George S.L., Broster S., Chisholm J.C., Brock P. Docetaxel in the treatment of children with refractory or relapsed hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34 (7): e295–7.
26. Cacciavillano W.D., Brugières L., Childs M., Shafford E., Brock P., Pritchard J., et al. Phase II study of high-dose cyclophosphamide in relapsing and/or resistant hepatoblastoma in children: a study from the SIOPEL group. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40 (15): 2274–9.
27. Zsíros J., Brugières L., Brock P., Roebuck D., Maibach R., Child M., et al. Efficacy of irinotecan single drug treatment in children with refractory or recurrent hepatoblastoma – a phase II trial of the childhood liver tumour strategy group (SIOPEL). Eur J Cancer 2012; 48 (18): 3456–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.06.023
28. Karski E.E., Dvorak C.C., Leung W., Miller W., Shaw P.J., Qayed M., et al. Treatment of hepatoblastoma with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue: the pediatric blood and marrow transplant consortium experience and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014; 36 (5): 362–8. DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000130
29. Häberle B., Maxwell R., Schweinitz D.V., Schmid I. High Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Hepatoblastoma does not Improve Outcome. Results of the GPOH Study HB99. Klin Padiatr 2019; 231 (6): 283–90. DOI: 10.1055/a-1014-3250
30. Kachanov D., Filin A., Moiseenko R., Usychkina A., Roschin V., Tereschenko G., et al. Cisplatin alone in therapy of standard-risk hepatoblastoma: feasibility of SIOPEL-3 SR protocol in Russia. 47th Congress of The International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) 2015. Cape Town, South Africa. 8–11 October, 2015. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62 (S4): 309–10.
31. Shi Y., Geller J.I., Ma I.T., Chavan R.S., Masand P.M., Towbin A.J., et al. Relapsed hepatoblastoma confined to the lung is effectively treated with pulmonary metastasectomy. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51 (4): 525–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.053
32. Habrand J.L., Nehme D., Kalifa C., Gauthier F., Gruner M., Sarrazin D., et al. Is there a place for radiation therapy in the management of hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular carcinomas in children? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 23 (3): 525– 31. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(92)90007-5
33. Shanmugam N., Valamparampil J.J., Scott J.X., Vij M., Narasimhan G., Reddy M.S., et al. Complete remission of refractory hepatoblastoma after liver transplantation in a child with sorafenib monotherapy: A new hope? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64 (12). DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26701
34. Ortiz M.V., Roberts S.S., Glade Bender J., Shukla N., Wexler L.H. Immunotherapeutic Targeting of GPC3 in Pediatric Solid Embryonal Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9: 108. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00108
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology. 2020; 19: 32-44
Hepatoblastoma relapses after front-line therapy according to SIOPEL protocols: clinical characteristics and outcome
Moiseenko R. A., Filin A. V., Akhaladze D. G., Talypov S. R., Rakov M. A., Feoktistova E. V., Tereshchenko G. V., Kim E. F., Shamanskaya T. V., Varfolomeeva S. R., Novichkova G. A., Kachanov D. Y.
https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-4-32-44Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary malignant liver tumor in children. Relapses of HB are rare and make up no more than 12% of cases among patients who have achieved complete response after the first-line therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of HB relapses in patients treated according to SIOPEL protocols. This study is supported by the Independent Ethics Committee and approved by the Academic Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology. 74 patients with HB were treated for the period 02.2012–12.2018 (82 months). Patients were stratified and treated according to SIOPEL protocols. Relapses were detected in 7/70 (10,0%) patients, who achieved complete response after front-line therapy. We analyzed demographic data, initial tumor characteristics, details of front-line therapy, characteristics of HB relapses and treatment of relapse. Median age at the time of diagnosis of HB was 13,3 (range 0,6–62,9) months. Male:female ratio – 1:0,4. The distribution by PRETEXT stages: II – 2 (28,6%), III – 1 (14,3%), IV – 4 (57,1%). 4 (57,1%) patients had distant metastases. Patients were stratified to standard-risk group – 2 (28,6%) and high-risk group – 5 (71,4%). 3 (42,8%) underwent liver transplantation (LT). Median age at the time of relapse was 33,5 (range 11,9–74,4) months. Median time from the completion of front-line therapy to relapse – 5,3 (range 3,2–19,1) months. Median AFP level at relapse – 35,0 (range 1,8–34160,4) ng/ml. Methods of relapse detection: routine follow-up – 5 (71,4%), clinical symptoms – 2 (28,6%). The latter 2 patients with initially AFP-secreting HB had normal AFP levels at relapse. Pattern of relapse: systemic – 5 (71,4%), combined – 2 (28,6%). The majority of patients received irinotecan-based chemotherapy – 5 (71,4%). Chemotherapy was combined with surgery in 6 (85,7%) cases. Median follow-up time from the moment of relapse was 22,4 (range 5,2–51,3) months. Outcomes: 5 (71,4%) alive (4/5 – with no evidence of disease, 1/5 – with active disease), 2 (28,6%) died of the disease. 3-year overall survival after relapse was 66,6 ± 19,2%. The main conclusion of the study was that combination of second-line chemotherapy with surgical resections allowed achieving long-lasting survival in some HB relapsed patients, including patients who had previously undergone LT.
References
1. Stiller C.A., Pritchard J., Steliarova-Foucher E. Liver cancer in European children: incidence and survival, 1978– 1997. Report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42 (13): 2115–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.05.011
2. Birch L.J. Epidemiology of pediatric liver tumors. In: Pediatric liver tumors. Zimmermann A., Perilongo G. (eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 2011. Pr. 15–26.
3. Steliarova-Foucher E., Colombet M., Ries L.A.G., Moreno F., Dolya A., Bray F., et al.; IICC-3 contributors. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10: a population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18 (6): 719–31. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9
4. Aronson D.C., Czauderna P., Maibach R., Perilongo G., Morland B. The treatment of hepatoblastoma: Its evolution and the current status as per the SIOPEL trials. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2014; 19 (4): 201–7. DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.142001
5. Czauderna P., Lopez-Terrada D., Hiyama E., Häberle B., Malogolowkin M.H., Meyers R.L. Hepatoblastoma state of the art: pathology, genetics, risk stratification, and chemotherapy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014; 26 (1): 19–28. DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000046
6. Semeraro M., Branchereau S., Maibach R., Zsiros J., Casanova M., Brock P., et al. Relapses in hepatoblastoma patients: Clinical characteristics and outcome – Experience of the International Childhood Liver Tumour Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Eur J Cancer 2013; 49: 915–22.
7. Roebuck D., Aronson D.C., Clapuyt P., Czauderna P., Ville de Goyet J., Gauthier F., et al. 2005 PRETEXT: a revised staging system for primary malignant liver tumours of childhood developed by the SIOPEL group. Pediatr Radiol 2007; 37: 123–32 DOI 10.1007/s00247-006-0361-5
8. Perilongo G., Maibach R., Shafford E., Brugieres L., Brock P., Morland B., et al. Cisplatin versus cisplatin plus doxorubicin for standard-risk hepatoblastoma. N Engl J Med 2009; 361 (17): 1662–70. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810613
9. Zsiros J., Brugieres L., Brock P., Roebuck D., Maibach R., Zimmermann A., et al. Dosedense cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery for children with high-risk hepatoblastoma (SIOPEL-4): a prospective, single-arm, feasibility study. International Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Lancet Oncol 2013; 14 (9):834–42. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70272-9
10. Zsíros J., Maibach R., Shafford E., Brugieres L., Brock P., Czauderna P., et al. Successful treatment of childhood highrisk hepatoblastoma with dose-intensive multiagent chemotherapy and surgery: final results of the SIOPEL-3HR study. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28 (15): 2584–90. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4857
11. Kachanov D.Yu., Shamanskaya T.V., Filin A.V., Moiseenko R.A., Tereshchenko G.V., Feoktistova E.V. i dr. Dispansernoe nablyudenie patsientov c gepatoblastomoi. Rossiiskii zhurnal detskoi gematologii i onkologii 2014; (4): 78–89.
12. López-Terrada D., Alaggio R., de Dávila M.T., Czauderna P., Hiyama E., Katzenstein H., et al. Children's Oncology Group Liver Tumor Committee. Towards an international pediatric liver tumor consensus classification: proceedings of the Los Angeles COG liver tumors symposium. Mod Pathol 2014; 27 (3): 472– 91. DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.80
13. Kachanov D.Yu., Aliev T.Z., Moiseenko R.A., Roshchin V.Yu., Metelin A.V., Uskova N.G. i dr. Retsidivy gepatoblastomy s normal'nym urovnem al'fafetoproteina. Voprosy gematologii/ onkologii i immunopatologii v pediatrii 2019; 18 (4): 58–65.
14. Malogolowkin M.H., Katzenstein H.M., Krailo M., Chen Z., Quinn J.J., Reynolds M., et al. Redefining the role of doxorubicin for the treatment of children with hepatoblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (14): 2379–83. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.7204
15. Suh M.Y., Wang K., Gutweiler J.R., Misra M.V., Krawczuk L.E., Jenkins R.L., et al. Safety of minimal immunosuppression in liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43 (6): 1148– 52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.045
16. Rojas Y., Guillerman R.P., Zhang W., Vasudevan S.A., Nuchtern J.G., Thompson P.A. Relapse surveillance in AFP-positive hepatoblastoma: re-evaluating the role of imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2014; 44 (10): 1275–80. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-3000-6
17. Figarola M.S., McQuiston S.A., Wilson F., Powell R. Recurrent hepatoblastoma with localization by PET-CT. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35 (12): 1254–8.
18. Philip I., Shun A., Mc Cowage G., Howman-Giles R. Positron emission tomography in recurrent hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Surg Int 2005; 21 (5): 341–5.
19. Aronson D.C., Weeda V.B., Maibach R., Czauderna P., Dall'Igna P., de Ville de Goyet J., et al. Childhood Liver Tumour Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Microscopically positive resection margin after hepatoblastoma resection: what is the impact on prognosis? A Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group (SIOPEL) report. Eur J Cancer 2019; 106: 126–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.10.013
20. Paediatric Hepatic International Tumour Trial (PHITT). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03017326. Assessed 05.04.2020
21. Trobaugh-Lotrario A.D., Feusner J.H. Relapsed hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59 (5): 813–7. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24218
22. Trobaugh-Lotrario A.D., Meyers R.L., Feusner J.H. Outcomes of Patients With Relapsed Hepatoblastoma Enrolled on Children’s Oncology Group (COG) Phase I and II Studies. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38 (3): 187–90. DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000474
23. Fuchs J., Rydzynski J., Von Schweinitz D., Bode U., Hecker H., Weinel P., et al. Study Committee of the Cooperative Pediatric Liver Tumor Study Hb 94 for the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology. Pretreatment prognostic factors and treatment results in children with hepatoblastoma: a report from the German Cooperative Pediatric Liver Tumor Study HB 94. Cancer 2002; 95 (1): 172–82.
24. Katzenstein H.M., Furman W.L., Malogolowkin M.H., Krailo M.D., McCarville M.B., Towbin A.J., et al. Upfront window vincristine/irinotecan treatment of high-risk hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AHEP0731 study committee. Cancer 2017; 123 (12): 2360–7. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30591
25. George S.L., Broster S., Chisholm J.C., Brock P. Docetaxel in the treatment of children with refractory or relapsed hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34 (7): e295–7.
26. Cacciavillano W.D., Brugières L., Childs M., Shafford E., Brock P., Pritchard J., et al. Phase II study of high-dose cyclophosphamide in relapsing and/or resistant hepatoblastoma in children: a study from the SIOPEL group. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40 (15): 2274–9.
27. Zsíros J., Brugières L., Brock P., Roebuck D., Maibach R., Child M., et al. Efficacy of irinotecan single drug treatment in children with refractory or recurrent hepatoblastoma – a phase II trial of the childhood liver tumour strategy group (SIOPEL). Eur J Cancer 2012; 48 (18): 3456–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.06.023
28. Karski E.E., Dvorak C.C., Leung W., Miller W., Shaw P.J., Qayed M., et al. Treatment of hepatoblastoma with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue: the pediatric blood and marrow transplant consortium experience and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014; 36 (5): 362–8. DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000130
29. Häberle B., Maxwell R., Schweinitz D.V., Schmid I. High Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Hepatoblastoma does not Improve Outcome. Results of the GPOH Study HB99. Klin Padiatr 2019; 231 (6): 283–90. DOI: 10.1055/a-1014-3250
30. Kachanov D., Filin A., Moiseenko R., Usychkina A., Roschin V., Tereschenko G., et al. Cisplatin alone in therapy of standard-risk hepatoblastoma: feasibility of SIOPEL-3 SR protocol in Russia. 47th Congress of The International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) 2015. Cape Town, South Africa. 8–11 October, 2015. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62 (S4): 309–10.
31. Shi Y., Geller J.I., Ma I.T., Chavan R.S., Masand P.M., Towbin A.J., et al. Relapsed hepatoblastoma confined to the lung is effectively treated with pulmonary metastasectomy. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51 (4): 525–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.053
32. Habrand J.L., Nehme D., Kalifa C., Gauthier F., Gruner M., Sarrazin D., et al. Is there a place for radiation therapy in the management of hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular carcinomas in children? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 23 (3): 525– 31. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(92)90007-5
33. Shanmugam N., Valamparampil J.J., Scott J.X., Vij M., Narasimhan G., Reddy M.S., et al. Complete remission of refractory hepatoblastoma after liver transplantation in a child with sorafenib monotherapy: A new hope? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64 (12). DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26701
34. Ortiz M.V., Roberts S.S., Glade Bender J., Shukla N., Wexler L.H. Immunotherapeutic Targeting of GPC3 in Pediatric Solid Embryonal Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9: 108. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00108
События
-
К платформе Elpub присоединился журнал «The BRICS Health Journal» >>>
10 июн 2025 | 12:52 -
Журнал «Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски» присоединился к Elpub >>>
6 июн 2025 | 09:45 -
К платформе Elpub присоединился «Медицинский журнал» >>>
5 июн 2025 | 09:41 -
НЭИКОН принял участие в конференции НИИ Организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента >>>
30 мая 2025 | 10:32 -
Журнал «Творчество и современность» присоединился к Elpub! >>>
27 мая 2025 | 12:38