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Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2020; 19: 42-49

Организационные аспекты терапии острой массивной кровопотери при хирургической коррекции онкологических заболеваний у детей

Леонов Н. П., Щукин В. В., Новичкова Г. А., Спиридонова Е. А.

https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-3-42-49

Аннотация

Организация терапии острой массивной кровопотери (ОМК) у детей во время хирургических операций требует междисциплинарного подхода в каждом лечебном учреждении в зависимости от его профиля. В НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева разработан и внедрен протокол терапии ОМК, применяемый у детей во время хирургической коррекции онкологических заболеваний. Систематическое обучение персонала и развитие командных навыков в симуляционном классе Центра стало основой его реализации. Кроме этого, важными компонентами протокола являются раннее начало терапии (инициация при кровопотере более 1 мл/кг/мин) и действия, направленные на снижение времени критической гипотензии. Терапия приобретенной коагулопатии и профилактика синдрома массивных трансфузий проводятся только после нормализации системной гемодинамики. Мы представляем свой опыт применения данного протокола у ребенка 3 лет с ОМК более 400% объема циркулирующей крови при хирургическом удалении хориоидкарциномы. Представленный клинический случай демонстрирует не только драматизм течения заболевания, но и хорошие результаты слаженной, прекрасно организованной и координированной совместной работы всех специалистов Центра. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России. Родители дали согласие на использование информации (результатов обследования, лечения и наблюдения), в том числе фотографий ребенка, в научных исследованиях и публикациях.
Список литературы

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2. Cannon J.W. Hemorrhagic Shock. N Engl J Med 2018; 378 (4): 370–9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1705649

3. Simmons J.W., Powell M.F. Acute traumatic coagulopathy: pathophysiology and resuscitation. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117 (Suppl 3): iii31–43. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew328

4. Kamyszek R.W., Leraas H.J., Reed C., Ray C.M., Nag U.P., Poisson J.L., Tracy E.T. Massive transfusion in the pediatric population: A systematic review and summary of best-evidence practice strategies. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86 (4): 744– 54. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002188

5. Мороз В.В., Рыжков И.А. Острая кровопотеря: регионарный кровоток и микроциркуляция (обзор, часть I). Общая реаниматология 2016; 12 (2): 66–89. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2016-2-66-89

6. Maw G., Furyk C. Pediatric Massive Transfusion: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Emerg Care 2018; 34 (8): 594–98. DOI:10.1097/PEC.0000000000001570

7. Пшениснов К.В., Александрович Ю.С. Массивная кровопотеря в педиатрической практике. Гематология и трансфузиология 2020; 65 (1): 70–86. DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2020-65-1-70-86

8. Gilley M., Beno S. Damage control resuscitation in pediatric trauma. Curr Opin Pediatr 2018; 30 (3): 338–43. DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000617

9. Протокол реанимации и интенсивной терапии при острой массивной кровопотере. Клинические рекомендации Общероссийской общественной организации «Федерация анестезиологов и реаниматологов». 2018 г. Доступно по: https://congress-med.ru/assets/files/2018/2018-rossijskie-rekomendaczii-po-neotlozhnoj-pomoshhi-pri-ostroj-krovopotere.pdf. Ссылка активна на 20.07.2020.

10. Sarganas G., Schaffrath Rosario A., Berger S., Neuhauser H.K. An unambiguous definition of pediatric hypotension is still lacking: Gaps between two percentile-based definitions and Pediatric Advanced Life Support/Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86 (3): 448–53. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002139

11. Wesselink E.M., Kappen T.H., Torn H.M., Slooter A.J.C., van Klei W.A. Intraoperative hypotension and the risk of postoperative adverse outcomes: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121 (4): 706– 21. DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.04.036

12. Gu W.J., Hou B.L., Kwong J., Tian X., Qian Y., Cui Y. et al. Association between intraoperative hypotension and 30-day mortality, major adverse cardiac events, and acute kidney injury after non-cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258: 68–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.137

13. Walsh M., Devereaux P.J., Garg A.X., Kurz A., Turan A., Rodseth R.N. et al. Relationship between intraoperative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: toward an empirical definition of hypotension. Anesthesiology 2013; 119 (3): 507–15. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a10e26

14. Keuffel E.L., Rizzo J., Stevens M., Gunnarsson C., Maheshwari K. Hospital costs associated with intraoperative hypotension among non-cardiac surgical patients in the US: a simulation model. J Med Econ 2019; 22 (7): 645–51. DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2019.1591147

15. Heming N., Elatrous S., Jaber S., Dumenil A.S., Cousson J., Forceville X. et al. Haemodynamic response to crystalloids or colloids in shock: an exploratory subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2017; 7 (10): e016736. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016736

16. Qureshi S.H., Rizvi S.I., Patel N.N., Murphy G.J. Meta-analysis of colloids versus crystalloids in critically ill, trauma and surgical patients. Br J Surg 2016; 103 (1): 14–26. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9943

17. Orbegozo Cortés D., Gamarano Barros T., Njimi H., Vincent J.L. Crystalloids versus colloids: exploring differences in fluid requirements by systematic review and meta-regression. Anesth Analg 2015; 120 (2): 389–402. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000564

18. Рыжков И.А., Заржецкий Ю.В., Молчанов И.В. Эффективность применения раствора модифицированного жидкого желатина и аутокрови для восполнения острой кровопотери. Анестезиология и реаниматология 2018; 6: 75–81. DOI: 10.17116/anesthesiology201806175

19. Holcomb J.B., Tilley B.C., Baraniuk S., Fox E.E., Wade C.E., Podbielski J.M. et al. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 313 (5): 471–82. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.12

20. Dias J.D., Sauaia A., Achneck H.E., Hartmann J., Moore E.E. Thromboelastography-guided therapy improves patient blood management and certain clinical outcomes in elective cardiac and liver surgery and emergency resuscitation: A systematic review and analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17 (6): 984–94. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14447

21. Ranucci M., Baryshnikova E., Pistuddi V., Menicanti L., Frigiola A. Surgical and Clinical Outcome REsearch (SCORE) Group. The effectiveness of 10 years of interventions to control postoperative bleeding in adult cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24 (2): 196–202. DOI:10.1093/icvts/ivw339

22. Maw G., Furyk C. Pediatric Massive Transfusion: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Emerg Care 2018; 34 (8): 594–8. DOI:10.1097/PEC.0000000000001570

23. Cunningham M.E., Rosenfeld E.H., Zhu H., Naik-Mathuria B.J., Russell R.T., Vogel A.M. A High Ratio of Plasma: RBC Improves Survival in Massively Transfused Injured Children. J Surg Res 2019; 233: 213–20. DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.007

Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology. 2020; 19: 42-49

Organizational aspects of acute massive blood loss therapy in pediatric surgical oncology

Leonov N. P., Shchukin V. V., Novichkova G. A., Spiridonova E. A.

https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-3-42-49

Abstract

The organization of acute massive blood loss therapy in pediatric surgical requires an interdisciplinary approach in each medical center, depending on their profile. In our center, a protocol of acute massive blood loss therapy in pediatric surgical oncology has been developed and implemented. Systematic training of personnel and the development of team skills in the simulation class of the center became the basis for its implementation. In addition, the earlier initiation of therapy (with blood loss of more than 1 ml/kg/min) and actions aimed at reducing the time of critical hypotension became important conditions of the protocol. The acquired coagulopathy therapy and the prevention of massive transfusion syndrome are carried out only after the normalization of systemic hemodynamics. We present our experience of using this protocol in a 3-year-old child with acute massive blood loss more than 400% of the circulating blood volume during surgical removal of сhoriocarcinoma. The presented clinical case demonstrates not only the dramatic nature of the course of the disease, but also the good results of the organization and coordination of the joint work of all the center’s specialists. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. Parents gave their consent to use information about the child, including fotos, in the article.
References

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2. Cannon J.W. Hemorrhagic Shock. N Engl J Med 2018; 378 (4): 370–9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1705649

3. Simmons J.W., Powell M.F. Acute traumatic coagulopathy: pathophysiology and resuscitation. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117 (Suppl 3): iii31–43. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew328

4. Kamyszek R.W., Leraas H.J., Reed C., Ray C.M., Nag U.P., Poisson J.L., Tracy E.T. Massive transfusion in the pediatric population: A systematic review and summary of best-evidence practice strategies. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86 (4): 744– 54. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002188

5. Moroz V.V., Ryzhkov I.A. Ostraya krovopoterya: regionarnyi krovotok i mikrotsirkulyatsiya (obzor, chast' I). Obshchaya reanimatologiya 2016; 12 (2): 66–89. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2016-2-66-89

6. Maw G., Furyk C. Pediatric Massive Transfusion: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Emerg Care 2018; 34 (8): 594–98. DOI:10.1097/PEC.0000000000001570

7. Pshenisnov K.V., Aleksandrovich Yu.S. Massivnaya krovopoterya v pediatricheskoi praktike. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya 2020; 65 (1): 70–86. DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2020-65-1-70-86

8. Gilley M., Beno S. Damage control resuscitation in pediatric trauma. Curr Opin Pediatr 2018; 30 (3): 338–43. DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000617

9. Protokol reanimatsii i intensivnoi terapii pri ostroi massivnoi krovopotere. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Obshcherossiiskoi obshchestvennoi organizatsii «Federatsiya anesteziologov i reanimatologov». 2018 g. Dostupno po: https://congress-med.ru/assets/files/2018/2018-rossijskie-rekomendaczii-po-neotlozhnoj-pomoshhi-pri-ostroj-krovopotere.pdf. Ssylka aktivna na 20.07.2020.

10. Sarganas G., Schaffrath Rosario A., Berger S., Neuhauser H.K. An unambiguous definition of pediatric hypotension is still lacking: Gaps between two percentile-based definitions and Pediatric Advanced Life Support/Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86 (3): 448–53. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002139

11. Wesselink E.M., Kappen T.H., Torn H.M., Slooter A.J.C., van Klei W.A. Intraoperative hypotension and the risk of postoperative adverse outcomes: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121 (4): 706– 21. DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.04.036

12. Gu W.J., Hou B.L., Kwong J., Tian X., Qian Y., Cui Y. et al. Association between intraoperative hypotension and 30-day mortality, major adverse cardiac events, and acute kidney injury after non-cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258: 68–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.137

13. Walsh M., Devereaux P.J., Garg A.X., Kurz A., Turan A., Rodseth R.N. et al. Relationship between intraoperative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: toward an empirical definition of hypotension. Anesthesiology 2013; 119 (3): 507–15. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a10e26

14. Keuffel E.L., Rizzo J., Stevens M., Gunnarsson C., Maheshwari K. Hospital costs associated with intraoperative hypotension among non-cardiac surgical patients in the US: a simulation model. J Med Econ 2019; 22 (7): 645–51. DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2019.1591147

15. Heming N., Elatrous S., Jaber S., Dumenil A.S., Cousson J., Forceville X. et al. Haemodynamic response to crystalloids or colloids in shock: an exploratory subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2017; 7 (10): e016736. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016736

16. Qureshi S.H., Rizvi S.I., Patel N.N., Murphy G.J. Meta-analysis of colloids versus crystalloids in critically ill, trauma and surgical patients. Br J Surg 2016; 103 (1): 14–26. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9943

17. Orbegozo Cortés D., Gamarano Barros T., Njimi H., Vincent J.L. Crystalloids versus colloids: exploring differences in fluid requirements by systematic review and meta-regression. Anesth Analg 2015; 120 (2): 389–402. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000564

18. Ryzhkov I.A., Zarzhetskii Yu.V., Molchanov I.V. Effektivnost' primeneniya rastvora modifitsirovannogo zhidkogo zhelatina i autokrovi dlya vospolneniya ostroi krovopoteri. Anesteziologiya i reanimatologiya 2018; 6: 75–81. DOI: 10.17116/anesthesiology201806175

19. Holcomb J.B., Tilley B.C., Baraniuk S., Fox E.E., Wade C.E., Podbielski J.M. et al. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 313 (5): 471–82. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.12

20. Dias J.D., Sauaia A., Achneck H.E., Hartmann J., Moore E.E. Thromboelastography-guided therapy improves patient blood management and certain clinical outcomes in elective cardiac and liver surgery and emergency resuscitation: A systematic review and analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17 (6): 984–94. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14447

21. Ranucci M., Baryshnikova E., Pistuddi V., Menicanti L., Frigiola A. Surgical and Clinical Outcome REsearch (SCORE) Group. The effectiveness of 10 years of interventions to control postoperative bleeding in adult cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24 (2): 196–202. DOI:10.1093/icvts/ivw339

22. Maw G., Furyk C. Pediatric Massive Transfusion: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Emerg Care 2018; 34 (8): 594–8. DOI:10.1097/PEC.0000000000001570

23. Cunningham M.E., Rosenfeld E.H., Zhu H., Naik-Mathuria B.J., Russell R.T., Vogel A.M. A High Ratio of Plasma: RBC Improves Survival in Massively Transfused Injured Children. J Surg Res 2019; 233: 213–20. DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.007