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Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2016; 15: 54-60

Принципы диагностики и лечения наследственного ангионевротического отека (обзор литературы)

Кузьменко Наталья Борисовна, Дибирова Суна Абдурагимовна, Варламова Татьяна Владимировна, Райкина Елена Владиславовна, Викторова Екатерина Андреевна, Щербина Анна Юрьевна

https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2016-15-1-54-60

Аннотация

Наследственный ангионевротический отек (НАО) - редкое, часто угрожающее жизни первичное иммунодефицитное состояние, обусловленное нарушениями в системе комплемента и проявляющееся рецидивирующими отеками. Наиболее частой причиной НАО является генетически обусловленное снижение количества и/или функции С1-ингибитора. Мутации, приводящие к НАО, обычно локализованы в гене SERPING1 и в гене, кодирующем фактор свертывания крови XII: в некоторых случаях определить генетический дефект не представляется возможным. Провоцирующими факторами развития отеков могут быть хирургические вмешательства, травмы, стресс и другие факторы. Характерным признаком отеков является отсутствие терапевтического эффекта от применения антигиста-минных препаратов и глюкокортикостероидов. В лечении обострений и для профилактики рецидивов НАО в настоящее время в России используют антифибринолитические препараты и свежезамороженную плазму, а также препараты аттенуированных андрогенов. Однако эффективность такой терапии для купирования тяжелых отеков крайне низкая, также существует риск развития нежелательных явлений. В мировой практике для купирования приступов используют ряд препаратов, действующих как на начальные (концентраты С1-ингибитора, физиологическим способом восполняющие его недостаток), так и на конечные (например, ингибитор брадикининового пути икатибант) звенья патогенеза отека. На сегодняшний день в России зарегистрирован только один концентрат с1-ингибитора, который можно использовать как для купирования обострений, так и для профилактики их развития - Беринерт® (“CSL Behring GmbH”, Германия). Обеспечение пациентов с НАО специфическими препаратами для купирования приступов и ранней профилактики обострений крайне важно для благоприятного прогноза заболевания.
Список литературы

1. Bousfiha A, Jeddane L, Al-Herz W, Ailal F, Casanova JL, Chatila T, et al. The 2015 IUIS phenotypic classification for primary immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol. 2015; 35(8): 727-38.

2. Milton JL. On giant urticaria. Edinburgh Med J. 1876; 22: 513-26.

3. Donaldson VH, Evans RR. A biochemical abnormality in hereditary angioneurotic edema: absence of serum inhibition of C' 1-esterase. Am J Med. 1963; 35: 37-44.

4. Quincke H. Über akutes umschriebenes Hautödem. Monatsh Prakt Derm. 1882: 1: 129-31.

5. Gulati P, Lemercier C, Guc D, Lappin D, Whaley K. Regulation of the synthesis of C1 subcomponents and C1-inhibitor. Behring Inst Mitt. 1993; (93): 196-203.

6. Pappalardo E, Zingale LC, Terlizzi A, Zanichelli A, Folcioni A, Cicardi M. Mechanisms of C1-inhibitor deficiency. Immunobiology. 2002; 205(4-5): 542-51.

7. Продеус АП, Щербина АЮ. Дефекты врожденного иммунитета и системы комплемента. В кн.: Щербина АЮ, Пашанов ЕД, ред. Иммунология детского возраста. М.: ИД МЕДПРАКТИКА-М, 2006; 214-21.

8. Han ED, MacFarlane RC, Mulligan AN, Scafidi J, Davis AE 3rd. Increased vascular permeability in C1 inhibitor-deficient mice mediated by the bradykinin type 2 receptor. J Clin Invest. 2002; 109(8): 1057-63.

9. Дмитриева АВ, Близнец ЕА, Медуницына ЕН, Латышева ТВ, Поляков АВ. Генетические аспекты рецидивирующих ангиоотёков. Медицинская генетика. 2011; 10(8): 43-8.

10. Tosi M. Molecular genetics of C1 inhibitor. Immunobiology. 1998; 199(2): 358-65.

11. Bork K, Barnstedt SE, Koch P, Traupe H. Hereditary angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor activity in women. Lancet. 2000; 356(9225): 213-7.

12. Dewald G, Bork K. Missense mutations in the coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor) gene in hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006; 343(4): 1286-9.

13. Longhurst HJ, Tarzi MD, Ashworth F, Bethune C, Cale C, Dempster J, et al. C1 inhibitor deficiency: 2014 United Kingdom consensus document. Clin Exp Immunol. 2015; 180(3): 475-83.

14. Bowen T, Cicardi M, Farkas H, Bork K, Kreuz W, Zingale L, et al. Canadian 2003 International Consensus algorithm for the diagnosis, therapy, and management of hereditary angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114(3): 629-37.

15. Cicardi M, Aberer W, Banerji A, Bas M, Bernstein JA, Bork K, et al. Classification, diagnosis, and approach to treatment for angioedema consensus report from the Hereditary Angioedema International Working Group. Allergy. 2014; 69(5): 602-16.

16. Gelfand JA, Sherins RJ, Alling DW, Frank MM. Treatment of hereditary angioedema with danazol. Reversal of clinical and biochemical abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 1976; 295(26): 1444-8.

17. Banerji A, Sloane DE, Sheffer AL. Hereditary angioedema: a current state-of-the-art review, V: attenuated androgens for the treatment of hereditary angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 100(1, Suppl. 2): S19-22.

18. Farkas H, Czaller I, Csuka D, Vas A, Valentin S, Varga L, et al. The effect of longterm danazol prophylaxis on liver function in hereditary angioedema-a longitudinal study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010; 66(4): 419-26.

19. Bork K, Wulff K, Witzke G, Stanger C, Lohse P, Hardt J. Antihistamine-resistant angioedema in women with negative family history: estrogens and F12 gene mutations. Am J Med. 2013; 126(12): 1142.e9-14.

20. Yakushiji Y, Mizuta H, Kurohara K, Onoue H, Okada R, Yoshimura T, et al. Vasculitic neuropathy in a patient with hereditary C1 inhibitor deficiency. Arch Neurol. 2007; 64(5): 731-3.

21. Wintenberger C, Boccon-Gibod I, Launay D, Fain O, Kanny G, Jeandel PY, et al. Tranexamic acid as maintenance treatment for non-histaminergic angioedema: analysis of efficacy and safety in 37 patients. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014; 178(1): 112-7.

22. Kaplan AP. Enzymatic pathways in the pathogenesis of hereditary angioedema: the role of C1 inhibitor therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126(5): 918-25.

23. Baş M, Greve J, Stelter K, Havel M, Strassen U, Rotter N, et al. A randomized trial of icatibant in ACE-inhibitor-induced angioedema. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(5): 418-25.

24. Jaffe CJ, Atkinson JP, Gelfand JA, Frank MM. Hereditary angioedema: the use of fresh frozen plasma for prophylaxis in patients undergoing oral surgery. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1975; 55(6): 386-93.

25. Cohen G, Peterson A. Treatment of hereditary angioedema with frozen plasma. Ann Allergy. 1972; 30(12): 690-2.

26. Bergamaschini L, Cicardi M, Tucci A, Gardinali M, Frangi D, Valle C, et al. C1 INH concentrate in the therapy of hereditary angioedema. Allergy. 1983; 38(2): 81-4.

27. Waytes AT, Rosen FS, Frank MM. Treatment of hereditary angioedema with a vapor-heated C1 inhibitor concentrate. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334(25): 1630-4.

28. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению больных с наследственным ангиоотёком (НАО). М.: РААКИ: 2014. Режим доступа: http://nrcii.ru/docs/nao.pdf

29. Craig TJ, Levy RJ, Wasserman RL, Bewtra AK, Hurewitz D, Obtutowicz K, et al. Efficacy of human C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate compared with placebo in acute hereditary angioedema attacks. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124(4): 801-8.

30. Craig TJ, Bewtra AK, Bahna SL, Hurewitz D, Schneider LC, Levy RJ, et al. C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate in 1085 Hereditary Angioedema attacks--final results of the I.M.P.A.C.T.2 study. Allergy. 2011; 66(12): 1604-11.

31. Bork K, Hardt J, Staubach-Renz P, Witzke G. Risk of laryngeal edema and facial swellings after tooth extraction in patients with hereditary angioedema with and without prophylaxis with C1 inhibitor concentrate: a retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011; 112(1): 58-64.

32. Abdel-Karim O, Dizdarevic A, Bygum A. Hereditary angioedema: children should be considered for training in self-administration. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014; 31(6): e132-5.

33. Cicardi M, Craig TJ, Martinez-Saguer I, Hébert J, Longhurst HJ. Review of recent guidelines and consensus statements on hereditary angioedema therapy with focus on self-administration. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013; 161(Suppl. 1): 3-9.

Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology. 2016; 15: 54-60

Principles of diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema (Review of literature)

Kuzmenko Natalya B., Dibirova Suna A., Varlamova Tatyana V., Raikina Elena V., Viktorova Ekaterina A., Shcherbina Anna Yu.

https://doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2016-15-1-54-60

Abstract

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, often life threatening primary immunodeficiency, caused by disorders in the complement system and manifesting by recurrent swelling attacks. The most incident cause of HAE is genetically determined decrease in the content of C1 inhibitor or in its function. Mutations leading to HAE are usually located in the SERPING1 gene and in the gene encoding coagulation factor XII: in some cases it is impossible to identify the genetic defect. Surgical procedures, traumas, stress, and other factors can provoke the development of swelling attacks. A characteristic sign of swelling attacks is the absence of therapeutic effect of antihistamines and corticosteroids. Antifibrinolytics, fresh frozen plasma, and attenuated androgens are now used in Russia for therapy and prevention of HAE recurrence. However, the efficacy of this therapy for the treatment of severe swelling attacks is extremely low and it is fraught with a risk of side effects. Drugs targeted to initial (C1 inhibitor concentrate, physiologically replacing its deficit) and final (icatibant - bradykinin pathway inhibitor) stages of angioedema pathogenesis are used for the treatment of swelling attacks in the world practice. By today only one C1 inhibitor concentrate - Berinert® (“CSL Behring GmbH”, Germany) is registered in Russia. It can be used for the treatment of acute swelling attacks and for their prevention. Use of specific drugs for the treatment of acute swelling attacks and for their early prevention in HAE patients is extremely important for a favorable prognosis of the disease.
References

1. Bousfiha A, Jeddane L, Al-Herz W, Ailal F, Casanova JL, Chatila T, et al. The 2015 IUIS phenotypic classification for primary immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol. 2015; 35(8): 727-38.

2. Milton JL. On giant urticaria. Edinburgh Med J. 1876; 22: 513-26.

3. Donaldson VH, Evans RR. A biochemical abnormality in hereditary angioneurotic edema: absence of serum inhibition of C' 1-esterase. Am J Med. 1963; 35: 37-44.

4. Quincke H. Über akutes umschriebenes Hautödem. Monatsh Prakt Derm. 1882: 1: 129-31.

5. Gulati P, Lemercier C, Guc D, Lappin D, Whaley K. Regulation of the synthesis of C1 subcomponents and C1-inhibitor. Behring Inst Mitt. 1993; (93): 196-203.

6. Pappalardo E, Zingale LC, Terlizzi A, Zanichelli A, Folcioni A, Cicardi M. Mechanisms of C1-inhibitor deficiency. Immunobiology. 2002; 205(4-5): 542-51.

7. Prodeus AP, Shcherbina AYu. Defekty vrozhdennogo immuniteta i sistemy komplementa. V kn.: Shcherbina AYu, Pashanov ED, red. Immunologiya detskogo vozrasta. M.: ID MEDPRAKTIKA-M, 2006; 214-21.

8. Han ED, MacFarlane RC, Mulligan AN, Scafidi J, Davis AE 3rd. Increased vascular permeability in C1 inhibitor-deficient mice mediated by the bradykinin type 2 receptor. J Clin Invest. 2002; 109(8): 1057-63.

9. Dmitrieva AV, Bliznets EA, Medunitsyna EN, Latysheva TV, Polyakov AV. Geneticheskie aspekty retsidiviruyushchikh angiootekov. Meditsinskaya genetika. 2011; 10(8): 43-8.

10. Tosi M. Molecular genetics of C1 inhibitor. Immunobiology. 1998; 199(2): 358-65.

11. Bork K, Barnstedt SE, Koch P, Traupe H. Hereditary angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor activity in women. Lancet. 2000; 356(9225): 213-7.

12. Dewald G, Bork K. Missense mutations in the coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor) gene in hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006; 343(4): 1286-9.

13. Longhurst HJ, Tarzi MD, Ashworth F, Bethune C, Cale C, Dempster J, et al. C1 inhibitor deficiency: 2014 United Kingdom consensus document. Clin Exp Immunol. 2015; 180(3): 475-83.

14. Bowen T, Cicardi M, Farkas H, Bork K, Kreuz W, Zingale L, et al. Canadian 2003 International Consensus algorithm for the diagnosis, therapy, and management of hereditary angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 114(3): 629-37.

15. Cicardi M, Aberer W, Banerji A, Bas M, Bernstein JA, Bork K, et al. Classification, diagnosis, and approach to treatment for angioedema consensus report from the Hereditary Angioedema International Working Group. Allergy. 2014; 69(5): 602-16.

16. Gelfand JA, Sherins RJ, Alling DW, Frank MM. Treatment of hereditary angioedema with danazol. Reversal of clinical and biochemical abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 1976; 295(26): 1444-8.

17. Banerji A, Sloane DE, Sheffer AL. Hereditary angioedema: a current state-of-the-art review, V: attenuated androgens for the treatment of hereditary angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008; 100(1, Suppl. 2): S19-22.

18. Farkas H, Czaller I, Csuka D, Vas A, Valentin S, Varga L, et al. The effect of longterm danazol prophylaxis on liver function in hereditary angioedema-a longitudinal study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010; 66(4): 419-26.

19. Bork K, Wulff K, Witzke G, Stanger C, Lohse P, Hardt J. Antihistamine-resistant angioedema in women with negative family history: estrogens and F12 gene mutations. Am J Med. 2013; 126(12): 1142.e9-14.

20. Yakushiji Y, Mizuta H, Kurohara K, Onoue H, Okada R, Yoshimura T, et al. Vasculitic neuropathy in a patient with hereditary C1 inhibitor deficiency. Arch Neurol. 2007; 64(5): 731-3.

21. Wintenberger C, Boccon-Gibod I, Launay D, Fain O, Kanny G, Jeandel PY, et al. Tranexamic acid as maintenance treatment for non-histaminergic angioedema: analysis of efficacy and safety in 37 patients. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014; 178(1): 112-7.

22. Kaplan AP. Enzymatic pathways in the pathogenesis of hereditary angioedema: the role of C1 inhibitor therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126(5): 918-25.

23. Baş M, Greve J, Stelter K, Havel M, Strassen U, Rotter N, et al. A randomized trial of icatibant in ACE-inhibitor-induced angioedema. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(5): 418-25.

24. Jaffe CJ, Atkinson JP, Gelfand JA, Frank MM. Hereditary angioedema: the use of fresh frozen plasma for prophylaxis in patients undergoing oral surgery. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1975; 55(6): 386-93.

25. Cohen G, Peterson A. Treatment of hereditary angioedema with frozen plasma. Ann Allergy. 1972; 30(12): 690-2.

26. Bergamaschini L, Cicardi M, Tucci A, Gardinali M, Frangi D, Valle C, et al. C1 INH concentrate in the therapy of hereditary angioedema. Allergy. 1983; 38(2): 81-4.

27. Waytes AT, Rosen FS, Frank MM. Treatment of hereditary angioedema with a vapor-heated C1 inhibitor concentrate. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334(25): 1630-4.

28. Federal'nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu bol'nykh s nasledstvennym angiootekom (NAO). M.: RAAKI: 2014. Rezhim dostupa: http://nrcii.ru/docs/nao.pdf

29. Craig TJ, Levy RJ, Wasserman RL, Bewtra AK, Hurewitz D, Obtutowicz K, et al. Efficacy of human C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate compared with placebo in acute hereditary angioedema attacks. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124(4): 801-8.

30. Craig TJ, Bewtra AK, Bahna SL, Hurewitz D, Schneider LC, Levy RJ, et al. C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate in 1085 Hereditary Angioedema attacks--final results of the I.M.P.A.C.T.2 study. Allergy. 2011; 66(12): 1604-11.

31. Bork K, Hardt J, Staubach-Renz P, Witzke G. Risk of laryngeal edema and facial swellings after tooth extraction in patients with hereditary angioedema with and without prophylaxis with C1 inhibitor concentrate: a retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011; 112(1): 58-64.

32. Abdel-Karim O, Dizdarevic A, Bygum A. Hereditary angioedema: children should be considered for training in self-administration. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014; 31(6): e132-5.

33. Cicardi M, Craig TJ, Martinez-Saguer I, Hébert J, Longhurst HJ. Review of recent guidelines and consensus statements on hereditary angioedema therapy with focus on self-administration. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013; 161(Suppl. 1): 3-9.