Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право. 2022; 24: 144-158
Публичная дипломатия США: между радикальной революцией и кризисной стагнацией
https://doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2022-1/144-158Аннотация
Победа Джозефа Байдена на президентских выборах в 2020 г. породила дискурс о необходимости коренных изменений внешней политики США. Возвращение опытного политика и специалиста по международным отношениям в Белый Дом ассоциировалось с грядущим прорывом американской публичной дипломатии, стагнация которой наступила при президенте Дональде Трампе в 2017–2021 гг. Цифровая пропаганда, аналитика цифровых данных об интернет-аудитории и интеграция новых технологий в информационную политику стали ведущими направлениями современного внешнеполитического влияния и требуют тщательного внимания со стороны американского руководства. Эксперты, наиболее приближенные к реальному процессу принятия внешнеполитических решений, подготовили ряд аналитических отчётов со своими рекомендациями новому президенту. Подобные предложения по развитию публичной дипломатии США могут быть разделены на три сценария: активный, пассивный и промежуточный. Активный сценарий предполагает «радикальную революцию» институтов управления, векторов и парадигм американской публичной дипломатии. Пассивный сценарий подразумевает дальнейшую стагнацию американских стратегических коммуникаций, при которой определение новых целей и создание новых проектов будут и далее происходить в рамках существующей экосистемы без коренных изменений. Наконец, промежуточный или умеренный сценарий направлен на коллаборацию активного и пассивного вариантов развития публичной дипломатии, при котором теоретико-практические аспекты могут быть коренным образом изменены, а институциональный уровень их реализации, при этом, останется без существенной реформации. Опираясь на комплекс официальных документов, публичных выступлений членов новой президентской администрации и статей американского экспертного сообщества, автор оценивает тенденции развития публичной дипломатии США во время президентства Дж. Байдена, выявляет новые направления американских стратегических коммуникаций, анализирует существенный рывок в развитии дипломатии данных (data diplomacy), а также подчёркивает необходимость дальнейшего изучения данной темы. Выводы статьи могут быть полезны всем исследователям внешней политики США и цифровизации международных отношений.
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Pacific Rim: Economics, Politics, Law. 2022; 24: 144-158
U.S. public duplomacy: between radical revolution and crisis stagnation
https://doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2022-1/144-158Abstract
The victory of Joseph Biden in the 2020 presidential election sparked discourse about the upcoming changes in U.S. foreign policy. The return of an experienced politician and specialist in international relations to the White House was inevitably associated with a breakthrough in American public diplomacy, which had stagnated under President Donald Trump in 2017–2021. Digital propaganda, analytics of Big Data and integration of new technologies into information policy have become the leading areas of modern foreign policy influence and require careful attention from the American leadership. Political scientists who are closest to the real process of making foreign policy decisions have prepared a number of analytical reports with recommendations for the new president. Such development paths can be conditionally divided into three scenarios: active, passive and intermediate. The active scenario presupposes a “radical revolution” of the institutions of governance, vectors and paradigms of American public diplomacy. The passive scenario implies further stagnation of American strategic communications without fundamental changes. Finally, an intermediate or moderate scenario is aimed at the collaboration of active and passive tracks in the development of public diplomacy, in which the paradigms of U.S. public diplomacy can be radically changed, and the institutional level of their implementation, at the same time, will remain without significant reformation. Based on a set of official documents, public statements by members of the new presidential administration and articles of the American expert community, the author assesses the new directions of American strategic communications and data diplomacy, and also emphasizes the need for further study of modern public diplomacy, taking into account new trends in its implementation. The conclusions of the article will be useful to all researchers of U.S. foreign policy and the digitalization of international relations.
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