Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право. 2022; 24: 48-63
Эколого-экономические эффекты воздействия шельфовых объектов топливно-энергетического сектора на гидробиоценозы в странах Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона
https://doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2022-1/48-63Аннотация
В статье обсуждаются проблемы комплексного воздействия топливно-энергетического комплекса в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе на структуру и функционирование гидробиоценозов. Рассмотрены типы влияния на компоненты водной биоты как отдельных структур нефтегазовой отрасли энергетики, так и различных объектов энергетического сектора, относящихся к кластеру возобновляемой энергетики (в частности, к инфраструктуре ветровых и приливных электростанций). В рамках рассматриваемой проблемы обсуждаются механизмы реализации Международной Конвенции по предотвращению загрязнения моря сбросами отходов и других материалов; в частности, приведены примеры трансформации объектов нефтегазодобывающей инфраструктуры путём создания из них искусственных рифов в соответствии с Протоколом, регулирующим вопросы вывода морских нефтяных платформ из эксплуатации. Отдельно затронут аспект восстановления численности популяций промысловых рыб и других ценных гидробионтов. Также в работе описаны негативные и позитивные эффекты, проявляющиеся в отношении компонентов биоразнообразия водных экосистем при функционировании различных энергетических объектов, расположенных на шельфе.
Список литературы
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Pacific Rim: Economics, Politics, Law. 2022; 24: 48-63
Environmental and economic consequences of the impact of offshore facilities of the fuel and energy sector on hydrobiocenoses in the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region
https://doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2022-1/48-63Abstract
The article discusses the problems of complex impact of the fuel and energy complex in the Asia-Pacific region on the structure and functioning of hydrobiocenoses. The types of impact on the components of aquatic biota of both individual structures of the oil and gas energy industry and various facilities of the energy sector belonging to the renewable energy cluster (in particular, to the infrastructure of wind and tidal power plants) are considered. Mechanisms of implementation of the International Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter are discussed within the framework of the problem in question; examples are given, in particular, of transformation of oil and gas production infrastructure facilities by creating artificial reefs in accordance with the Protocol Governing the Issues of Decommissioning Offshore Oil Platforms. Recovery of the population of commercial fish and other valuable hydrobionts is also touched upon. The paper describes negative and positive effects of various energy facilities located on the shelf on the components of aquatic ecosystem biodiversity.
References
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2. Grappling with the social dimensions of novel ecosystems / A. C. Backstrom, G. E. Garrard, R. J. Hobbs, S. A. Bekessy // Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2018. Vol. 16, iss. 2. P. 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1769.
3. Bowman M. J. Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences // Tidal Energy. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11632-X.
4. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. Statistics for decommissioned platforms on the OCS, 2020. URL: https://www.data.bsee.gov/Main/Platform.aspx.
5. Environmental impacts of tidal power schemes / R. Burrows, I. A. Walkington, J. Holt, J. Wolf // Proceedings of the ICE Maritime Engineering. 2009. Vol. 162, iss. 4. P. 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1680/maen.2009.162.4.165.
6. Common wealth of Australia. Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2010. URL: https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/G/GreenGasSA09.pdf.
7. Demestre M., de Juan S., Sartor P., Ligas A. Seasonal closures as a measure of trawling effort control in two Mediterranean trawling grounds: effects on epibenthic communities // Marina Pollution Bulletin. 2008. Vol. 56. P. 1765–1773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.06.004.
8. Díaz H., Soares C. G. Review of the current status, technology and future trends of offshore wind farms // Ocean Engineering. 2020. Vol. 209. Art. no. 107381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107381.
9. Hobbs R. J., Higgs E. S., Harris J. A. Novel ecosystems: concept or inconvenient reality? A response to Murcia et al. // Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2014. Vol. 29, iss. 12. P. 645–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.006.
10. Hobbs R. J., Schlapphy M.-L. A triage framework for managing novel, hybrid, and designed marine ecosystems // Global Change Biology. 2019. Vol. 25. P. 3215–3223. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14757.
11. Renewables 2017: Analysis and Forecasts to 2022 / International Energy Agency. [S. l.]: IEA Publications, 2017. 189 p. (Market Report Series).
12. International Rig Count // Baker Hughes Company. URL: www.rigcount.bakerhughes.com/intl-rig-count.
13. Wilson J. C., Elliott M. The habitat-creation potential of offshore wind farms // Wind Energy. 2009. Vol. 12, iss. 2. P. 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.324.
14. Leary D., Esteban M. Recent developments in offshore renewable energy in the Asia-Pacific Region // Ocean Development & International Law. 2011. Vol. 42, iss. 1-2. P. 94–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2010.521039.
15. Potential use of offshore marine structures in rebuilding an overfished rockfish species, bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) / M. S. Love, D. M. Schroeder, W. Lenarz, A. MacCall, A. S. Bull, L. Thorsteinson // Fishery Bulletin. 2006. Vol. 104. P. 383–390. URL: https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/potential-use-offshore-marine-structures-rebuild ing-overfished-rockfish-species-bocaccio.
16. Local effects of blue mussels around turbine foundations in an ecosystem model of Nysted off-shore wind farm / M. Maar, K. Bolding, J. K. Petersen, J. L. S. Hansen K. Timmermann // Denmark Journal of Sea Researchers. 2009. Vol. 62. P. 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2009.01.008.
17. Macreadie P. I., Fowler A. M., Booth D. J. Rigs-to-reefs policy: can science trump public sentiment? // Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2012. Vol. 10. P. 179–180. https://doi.org/10.1890/12.wb.013.
18. Reefing viability index for Rigs-to-Reefs (R2R) in Malaysia / M. H. Mohd, M. A. A. Rahman, M. N. Nazri, C. H. Tan, Y. Mohamad [et al.] // The Scientific World Journal. 2020. Vol. 2020. Art. ID 4695894. P. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4695894.
19. Introduction of non-native marine fish species to the Canary Islands waters through oil platforms as vectors / J. G. Pajuelo, J. A. González, R. Triay-Portella, J. A. Martín, R. Ruiz-Díaz [et al.] // Journal of Marine Systems. 2016. Vol. 163. P. 23– 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.06.008.
20. Todd VL. G., Warley J. C., Todd I. B. Meals on wheels? A Decade of megafaunal visual and acoustic observations from offshore oil & gas rigs and platforms in the North and Irish Seas // PLoS ONE. 2016. Vol. 11, iss. 4. Art. no. e0153320. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153320.
21. 2018 Offshore wind technologies market report. No. NREL/TP-5000-74278; DOE/GO-102019-5192 / W. D. Musial [et al.] / National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2019. URL: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1572771offshore-wind-technologies-market-report.
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