Академия медицины и спорта. 2021; 2: 14-19
Сравнительный анализ приверженности к аэробным протоколам физической реабилитации у атлетов силовых видов спорта
https://doi.org/10.15829/2712-7567-2021-20Аннотация
Высокоинтенсивные интервальные и равномерные среднеинтенсивные циклические упражнения зарекомендовали себя как немедикаментозные средства для лечения и профилактики гипертонической болезни.
Цель. Провести сравнительный анализ приверженности к физической реабилитации, выполняемой разными методами аэробной работы, среди гипертензивных спортсменов силовых видов спорта тяжелой весовой категории.
Материал и методы. Проведен опрос 83 представителей бодибилдинга в тяжелых весовых категориях, имеющих спортивную квалификацию КМС или МС. Средний возраст участников исследования составил 31 год. Спортсмены были рандомизированы на две основные группы реабилитации: группа HIIT (n=33), группа MICE (n=30) и контрольную группу RT (n=20). Применялся модифицированный опросник по приверженности к физической активности для спортсменов силовых видов спорта с артериальной гипертензией. Статистический анализ проведен с помощью пакета прикладных статистических программ для медико-биологических исследований Statistica 10.0/W RUS.
Результаты. В начале приверженность контрольной группы RT была “средняя” и составила 7,8±0,8 балла, через 30 дней незначимо выросла до 8,2±0,5 баллов, еще через 60 дней было снижение на 0,3 балла и последующие 4 мес. не изменялась. После 30 дней в группах реабилитации было повышение интереса к аэробным тренировкам, для группы HIIT 8,4±0,5 балла и MICE 8,2±0,6 балла. Спустя 60 дней изменения были статистически не значимы. После 90 дней приверженность в группе HIIT составила 8,5±0,5 баллов, а в группе MICE значимо снизилась до 7,5±0,6 баллов. Через 120 дней в группе HIIT не было изменений, группа MICE продолжала снижать интерес до 7,1±0,6 балла. После 150 дней в группе HIIT наблюдалось снижение на 0,5 балла, а в группе MICE до 6,7±0,5 баллов. После 180 дней происходит недостоверное снижение приверженности в группе HIIT на 0,2 балла, а в группе MICE приверженность становится “низкая” и составляет 6,2±0,4 балла.
Заключение. Программы тренировок, основанные на HIIT протоколах, позволяют в течении 180 дней поддерживать большую приверженность к неспецифичной аэробной работе у гипертензивных спортсменов силовых видов спорта по сравнению с протоколами MICE, что может дать дополнительное преимущество в снижении артериального давления и профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.
Список литературы
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4. Börjesson M, Onerup A, Lundqvist S, et al. Physical activity and exercise lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: narrative review of 27 RCTs. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(6):356-61. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095786.
5. Lee MJ, Ballantyne JK, Chagolla J, et al. Order of same-day concurrent training influences some indices of power development, but not strength, lean mass, or aerobic fitness in healthy, moderately-active men after 9 weeks of training. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233134. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233134.
6. Cramer JA, Roy A, Burrell A, et al. Medication compliance and persistence: terminology and definitions. Value Health. 2008;11(1):44-7. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00213.x.
7. Burgess E, Hassmén P, Welvaert M, et al. Behavioural treatment strategies improve adherence to lifestyle intervention programmes in adults with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Obes. 2017;7(2):105-14. doi:10.1111/cob.12180.
8. Leal JM, Galliano LM, Del Vecchio FB. Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020;22(3):26. doi:10.1007/s11906-020-1030-z.
9. Batacan RB Jr, Duncan MJ, Dalbo VJ, et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(6):494-503. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095841.
10. Thompson WR. Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2020. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal Fitness Journal. 2019;23(6):10-8. doi:10.1249/FIT.0000000000000526.
11. Biddle SJ, Batterham AM. High-intensity interval exercise training for public health: a big HIT or shall we HIT it on the head? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:95. doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0254-9.
12. Hardcastle SJ, Ray H, Beale L, et al. Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population. Front Psychol. 2014;5:1505. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01505.
13. Jung ME, Bourne JE, Little JP. Where does HIT fit? An examination of the affective response to high-intensity intervals in comparison to continuous moderate- and continuous vigorous-intensity exercise in the exercise intensity-affect continuum. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e114541. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114541.
14. Astorino TA, Thum JS. Response: Commentary: Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population. Front Psychol. 2016;7:746. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00746.
15. Stork MJ, Banfield LE, Gibala MJ, et al. A scoping review of the psychological responses to interval exercise: is interval exercise a viable alternative to traditional exercise? Health Psychol Rev. 2017;11(4):324-44. doi:10.1080/17437199.2017.1326011.
16. Reljic D, Lampe D, Wolf F, et al. Prevalence and predictors of dropout from high-intensity interval training in sedentary individuals: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29(9):1288-304. doi:10.1111/sms.13452.
17. Burn N, Niven A. Why do they do (h)it? Using self-determination theory to understand why people start and continue to do high-intensity interval training group exercise classes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2018;17(5):537-51. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2017.1421682.
18. Kinnafick FE, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Shepherd SO, et al. In It Together: A Qualitative Evaluation of Participant Experiences of a 10-Week, Group-Based, Workplace HIIT Program for Insufficiently Active Adults. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2018;40(1):10-9. doi:10.1123/jsep.2017-0306.
19. Stork MJ, Williams TL, Ginis KAM. Unpacking the debate: A qualitative investigation of first-time experiences with interval exercise. Psychology of Sport & Exercise. 2020;51:101788. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101788.
20. Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, et al. Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008;10(5):348-54. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.07572.x.
21. Newman-Beinart NA, Norton S, Dowling D, et al. The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a measure assessing adherence to prescribed exercise: the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS). Physiotherapy. 2017;103(2):180-5. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2016.11.001.
22. Pescatello LS, Buchner DM, Jakicic JM, et al. 2018 physical activity guidelines advisory committee. Physical Activity to Prevent and Treat Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1314-23. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001943.
23. Mostafazadeh-Bora M. The Hawthorne effect in observational studies: Threat or opportunity? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41(4):491. doi:10.1017/ice.2020.19.
24. Vella CA, Taylor K, Drummer D. High-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training elicit similar enjoyment and adherence levels in overweight and obese adults. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017;17(9):1203-11. doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1359679.
25. Linke SE, Gallo LC, Norman GJ. Attrition and adherence rates of sustained vs. intermittent exercise interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2011;42(2):197-209. doi:10.1007/s12160-011-9279-8.
Academy of medicine and sports. 2021; 2: 14-19
Comparative analysis of adherence to aerobic physical rehabilitation protocols among strength athletes
https://doi.org/10.15829/2712-7567-2021-20Abstract
High-intensity interval and medium-intensity cyclic exercises have proved themselves as non-pharmacological agents for the treatment and prevention of hypertension.
Aim. To compare adherence to aerobic physical rehabilitation methods among hypertensive heavyweight-class strength athletes.
Material and methods. We surveyed 83 heavyweight-class bodybuilders (candidates for master of sports and master of sports). The mean age of participants was 31 years. Athletes were randomized into two main rehabilitation groups: the HIIT group (n=33), the MICE group (n=30), and the RT control group (n=20). A modified questionnaire on adherence to physical activity was used for hypertensive strength athletes. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0/W RUS software package.
Results. At the beginning, adherence of control group participants was “moderate” and amounted to 7,8±0,8 points, while after 30 days it increased insignificantly to 8,2±0,5 points, after another 60 days decreased by 0,3 points and the next 4 month did not change. After 30 days, there was an increase in adherence to aerobic exercise in other rehabilitation groups: 8,4±0,5 and 8,2±0,6 points in the HIIT and MICE groups, respectively. After 60 days, the changes were not statistically significant. After 90 days, adherence in the HIIT group was 8,5±0,5 points, while in the MICE group it significantly decreased to 7,5±0,6 points. After 120 days, there was no change in the HIIT group, while in the MICE group, adherence continued to decrease to 7,1±0,6 points. After 150 days, there was a 0,5 point decrease in the HIIT group and 6,7±0,5 points in the MICE group. After 180 days, there was an insignificant decrease in the HIIT group by 0,2 points, while in the MICE group, adherence became “low” and amounted to 6,2±0,4 points.
Conclusion. Exercise programs based on HIIT protocols allow hypertensive strength athletes to maintain greater adherence to nonspecific aerobic exercise over 180 days compared to MICE protocols, which may provide additional benefits in lowering blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular disease.
References
1. GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1250-84. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30750-9.
2. Caselli S, Vaquer Sequì A, Lemme E, et al. Prevalence and Management of Systemic Hypertension in Athletes. Am J Cardiol. 2017;119(10):1616-22. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.02.011.
3. Guo J, Zhang X, Wang L, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among Chinese professional athletes of strength sports with different body weight categories. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e79758. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079758.
4. Börjesson M, Onerup A, Lundqvist S, et al. Physical activity and exercise lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: narrative review of 27 RCTs. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(6):356-61. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095786.
5. Lee MJ, Ballantyne JK, Chagolla J, et al. Order of same-day concurrent training influences some indices of power development, but not strength, lean mass, or aerobic fitness in healthy, moderately-active men after 9 weeks of training. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233134. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233134.
6. Cramer JA, Roy A, Burrell A, et al. Medication compliance and persistence: terminology and definitions. Value Health. 2008;11(1):44-7. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00213.x.
7. Burgess E, Hassmén P, Welvaert M, et al. Behavioural treatment strategies improve adherence to lifestyle intervention programmes in adults with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Obes. 2017;7(2):105-14. doi:10.1111/cob.12180.
8. Leal JM, Galliano LM, Del Vecchio FB. Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020;22(3):26. doi:10.1007/s11906-020-1030-z.
9. Batacan RB Jr, Duncan MJ, Dalbo VJ, et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(6):494-503. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095841.
10. Thompson WR. Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2020. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal Fitness Journal. 2019;23(6):10-8. doi:10.1249/FIT.0000000000000526.
11. Biddle SJ, Batterham AM. High-intensity interval exercise training for public health: a big HIT or shall we HIT it on the head? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:95. doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0254-9.
12. Hardcastle SJ, Ray H, Beale L, et al. Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population. Front Psychol. 2014;5:1505. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01505.
13. Jung ME, Bourne JE, Little JP. Where does HIT fit? An examination of the affective response to high-intensity intervals in comparison to continuous moderate- and continuous vigorous-intensity exercise in the exercise intensity-affect continuum. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e114541. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114541.
14. Astorino TA, Thum JS. Response: Commentary: Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population. Front Psychol. 2016;7:746. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00746.
15. Stork MJ, Banfield LE, Gibala MJ, et al. A scoping review of the psychological responses to interval exercise: is interval exercise a viable alternative to traditional exercise? Health Psychol Rev. 2017;11(4):324-44. doi:10.1080/17437199.2017.1326011.
16. Reljic D, Lampe D, Wolf F, et al. Prevalence and predictors of dropout from high-intensity interval training in sedentary individuals: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29(9):1288-304. doi:10.1111/sms.13452.
17. Burn N, Niven A. Why do they do (h)it? Using self-determination theory to understand why people start and continue to do high-intensity interval training group exercise classes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2018;17(5):537-51. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2017.1421682.
18. Kinnafick FE, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Shepherd SO, et al. In It Together: A Qualitative Evaluation of Participant Experiences of a 10-Week, Group-Based, Workplace HIIT Program for Insufficiently Active Adults. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2018;40(1):10-9. doi:10.1123/jsep.2017-0306.
19. Stork MJ, Williams TL, Ginis KAM. Unpacking the debate: A qualitative investigation of first-time experiences with interval exercise. Psychology of Sport & Exercise. 2020;51:101788. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101788.
20. Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, et al. Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008;10(5):348-54. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.07572.x.
21. Newman-Beinart NA, Norton S, Dowling D, et al. The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a measure assessing adherence to prescribed exercise: the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS). Physiotherapy. 2017;103(2):180-5. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2016.11.001.
22. Pescatello LS, Buchner DM, Jakicic JM, et al. 2018 physical activity guidelines advisory committee. Physical Activity to Prevent and Treat Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1314-23. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001943.
23. Mostafazadeh-Bora M. The Hawthorne effect in observational studies: Threat or opportunity? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41(4):491. doi:10.1017/ice.2020.19.
24. Vella CA, Taylor K, Drummer D. High-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training elicit similar enjoyment and adherence levels in overweight and obese adults. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017;17(9):1203-11. doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1359679.
25. Linke SE, Gallo LC, Norman GJ. Attrition and adherence rates of sustained vs. intermittent exercise interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2011;42(2):197-209. doi:10.1007/s12160-011-9279-8.
